Chemistry Terms
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| accuracy | the closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value
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| chemistry | the study of matter, its properties and the changes it undergoes
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| control | a person, group, event, etc, that is used as a constant and unchanging standard of comparison in scientific experimentation
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| conversion factor | ratio of the two parts of an equivalence statement that relate the two units
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| density | the amount of matter present in a given volume of substance
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| dependent variable | a variable that is being measured in an experiment
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| error | used to assess accuracy with respect to how far a value if from what is expected
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| experiment | a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact
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| hypothesis | one or more assumptions put forth to explain observed phenomena
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| independent variable | a variable that is manipulated in an experiment
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| mass | the amount of matter an object contains
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| matter | anything that has mass and occupies space
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| observation | something that is witnessed and can be recorded
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| percent error | used to assess accuracy as the relative difference, calculated as a percentage
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| precision | the closeness of two or more measurements to each other
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| qualitative measurements | collection of information that is not numerical
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| quantitative measurements | measurement of data that can be put into numbers
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| reliable knowledge | has a high probability of being true because it has been justified by a reliable method
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| science | a system of knowledge and the methods used to find that knowledge
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| scientific law | statement that summarizes generally observed behavior
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| scientific method | a systematic method of collecting, analyzing, and communicating knowledge
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| scientific notation | a power of ten with one digit to the left of the decimal point
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| scientific theory | an interpretation; a possible explanation of why nature behaves in a particular way
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| significant figures | the numbers recorded in a measurement (all the certain numbers plus the first uncertain number)
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| units | part of a measurement that tells us what scale of standard is being used
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| volume | the amount of space an object occupies
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| megameters (Mm) | 10^6m
1 Mm = 1,000,000m
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| Kilometer (km) | 10^3m
1 km = 1,000m
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| Decimeter (dm) | 10^-1m
1 dm = 0.1m or 10 dm = 1m
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| Centimeter (cm) | 10^-2m
1 cm = 0.01m or 100 cm = 1m
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| Millimeter (mm) | 10^-3m
1 mm = 0.001 m or 1000mm = 1m
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| Micrometer (um) | 10^-6m
1um = 0.000001m or 1,000,000um = 1m
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| Nanometer (nm) | 10^-9m
1nm = 0.000000001m or 1,000,000,000nm = 1m
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| 100 cm | 1m
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| 1,000 mm | 1m
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| 10 mm | 1 cm
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| 1,000 m | 1 km
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| 1,000mg | 1 g
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| 1,000g | 1 kg
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| 1,000 mL | 1 L
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| 1cm^3 | 1mL
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| 1 mL | 1g
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| sig figs nonzero (5783) | always significant
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| 423 find sig fig | three sig fig
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| sig figs leading zeroes (.03) | never significant
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| 0.0025 find sig fig | two sig fig
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| sig figs captive zeroes (3.05) | always significant
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| 20.06 - find sig figs | four sig fig
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| sig figs trailing zeroes | only significant if the number is written with a decimal point
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| 200 - find sig fig | one sig fig
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| 2.00 - find sig fig | three sig fig
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| exact numbers sig figs | not obtained by measuring; have an unlimited # of sig figs
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