Ch. 18-23, 25, 26
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| The basic photometric unit is the | lumen
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| A digital display monitor is best viewed | straight on
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| A liquid crystal is a material in a state between a liquid and a | solid
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| Almost all digital images in medical imaging are viewed and interpreted on a | digital display device
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| Medical flat panel display devices are _______ liquid crystal displays. | monochrome
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| Medical flat panel display devices are identified by the number of | pixels; active matrix
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| Compared to CRT's, AMLCD's have better _____ and less intrinsic _______ | contrast; noise
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| The ambient light at a digital image workstation should be near | darkness
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| Preprocessing the digital image is done ____ and post processing is done ____. | automatically; manually
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| Flatfielding is accomplished through automatic calibration images called ____ and ____ images. | offset; gain
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| Reregistering an image to correct for patient motion is done with | pixel shift
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| Signal interpolation is performed during | preprocessing
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| The national standard for image transmission in teleradiology is the | DI COM format
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| Image field size is determined by | matrix size and gray scale
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| A screen film radiographic artifact is any irregularity on an image that is not caused by the proper imaging or tissue by primary | xray beam
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| A foreign object is an example of | exposure artifacts
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| A guide-shoe mark is a | processor artifact
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| The largest number of repeats is generally caused by | exposure artifacts
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| Misalignment of the processor turnaround assembly can cause | guide shoe marks
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| Thin lines on the leading or trailing edge of a film are | guide shoe marks
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| Only patients can cause image | blur
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| Kink marks are caused by | bending the film
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| A quality assurance program monitors | people
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| A quality control program is for all instrumental and | equipment
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| The determination of how consistently radiologist's image interpretation match patients' ultimate diagnoses is called | outcome analysis
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| A quality ___ program monitors people. | assurance
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| What does JCAHO mean | joint commission on accreditation of healthcare organization
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| Why do hospitals have quality control and quality assurance programs | ensure quality patient care, receive payment, JCAHO approval
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| Most quality control testing on radiographic equipment is done | annually
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| Filtration is measured with | half value layer measurements
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| The collimator must be accurately aligned to within + or - | 2% of the SID
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| The measure of kVp should be within + or - ___ of the kVp indicated on the console. | 10%
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| A positive beam limitation (PBL) device in involved in | collimation
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| A ghost image can occur in digital imaging because of incomplete | erasure
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| _____ is done during preprocessing to correct for _____ over the image | flatfielding; irregular patterns
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| ___ is done during the imaging, flatfielding is done during the preprocessing, and lossless compression is done during post processing | partitioning
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| CR cassettes can sit for a few _____ between exposures. | days
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| Lossless compression reduces data files by a ratio of | 10:1
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| Lossy compression reduces data by a ratio of | 100:1
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| Computer aided diagnoses (CAD) requires the use of | uncompressed images
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| Each anatomic part has an image ____ with a characteristic shape | histogram
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| Medical images are transferred using the | DI COM standard
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| Soft tissue radiography is unique because of the | low subject contrast
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| When doing soft tissue radiography the differential absorption between muscle and fat must be | enhanced
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| Breast tissue tends to be increasingly ___ in older women | fatty
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| About ___ of breast cancer occurs in the ductal tissue | 80%
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| The American Cancer Society recommends all women ___ years of age and above have an annual screening mammogram | 50
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| The ACS recommends biannual screening for all women age | 40 to 49 low risk
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| A dedicated mammography unit should have an automatic | adjustable compression device
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| Every dedicated mammography unit is equipped with a | low ratio grid
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| Breast compression has the advantage of lowering | patient does, motion blur, and superimposition
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| Breast compression is used to lower patient dose and | reduce focal spot blur
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| Cassettes used in mammography are designed with tighter | film screen contrast
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| During fluoroscopy the xray tube is operated at less than | 5 mA
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| The image intensifier improved fluoroscopy by increasing image | brightness
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| Visual acuity in the eye is greater at the fovea centralis where | cones are concentrated
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| The ability of the eye to detect differences in brightness levels vision is termed | contrast perception
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| The rods in the retina are stimulated by ___ light; the cones are stimulated by _____ light. | low; bright
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| Xray that exit the patient during fluoroscopy first interact with the | input phospher
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| The input phosphor convert xrays to | light; cesium iodide
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| The number of light photons emitted within the image intensifier is directly proportional to the amount of xray photons | exiting the patient
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| Light produced at the output phosphor has been increased | 50-75 times in intensity
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| The ratio of xrays incident on the input phosphor to light photons exiting the output phosphor is called | flux gain
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| The ability of the image intensifier to increase the illumination level of the image is called the | brightness gain
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| An image intensifier tube is identified by the diameter of the | input phosphor
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| Fluoroscopy for an air contrast barium enema is generally done at | 80 to 90 kVp
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| Viewing the fluoroscopy image in magnification mode increase | contrast resolution, spatial resolution, and patient dose
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| Automatic brightness control (ABC) maintains the brightness of the image by varying | kVp and mAs
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| Digital fluoroscopy uses at least | 2 monitors
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| The time it takes to turn on the digital fluoroscopy xray tube and reach the selected mA and kVp is the | interrogation time
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| The charged coupled devise used in digital fluoroscopy provides | high spatial resolution, high signal to noise ratio, and high detective quantum efficiency
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| Digital fluoroscopy dose rate is lower than that for continuous analog fluoroscopy because the images are | discrete, not continuous
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