Geography Final Exam
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| Tectonic Plates | Large Moving Pieces of the Earth's crust
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| Ring of Fire | a zone of tectonic activity (volcanos, earthquakes) around the pacific Rim
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| Earthquake | Violent movement of the earth cause when tectonic plates grind or slip past each other
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| Tsunami | a giant wave usually caused by an undersea earthquake
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| Volcano | an opening, or rupture, in he planet's surface of crust, which allows hot magma, volcanic ash and gases to escape from hot spots below the earth's surface.
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| Convergent Boundary | Boundary where tectonic plates come together causing subduction zones and folding (Which can create mountain ranges)
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| Weathering | the chemical or physical process that breaks down rock
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| Erosion | the process in which the Earth's surface is worn down by the power of wind, water, or ice and the weathered material is carried away.
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| Silt | fine sand, clay or other material carried by running water and deposited.
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| Artic | the polar region located north of the Arctic circle (66 North Latitude) where for a time in the summer the sun never sets and in the winter it never rises.
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| Temperate Zone | is the zone around the equator (between the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn) which receives the most direct rays of sunlight.
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| Mid Latitude | Anyone of the climate zones in the Mid latitude with a mild climate.
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| High Latitude | A place that is extreme north or south, near the poles
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| Low Latitude | A place that is in the middle of the Northern or Southern hemisphere, between the tropics and the artic.
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| Equinox | A place that is in the center of the geographic grid near the equator.
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| Monsoon | the transfer of heat in the atmosphere, this circulation causes winds that help distribute the sun's heat across the globe.
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| Tropics | a current of warm water from the tropics that creates mild conditions in Europe.
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| Prevailing Winds | global wind that blow in fairly constant patterns
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| North Atlantic Draft | Seasonal Winds in the tropics that can cause either wet or dry conditions.
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| Convection | A reversal of the ocean currents and water temperatures off the coast of South America that naturally every 3-7 years for reasons that are not fully understood. Fish stocks are greatly reduced as a result.
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| a dry area with little precipitation and sparse vegetation and sparse vegetation
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| Semiarid | Longest and shortest days of the year (occurs in the winter and summer) June and December 21st twice a year
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| El Nino | the days and nights all over the world are equal in length. The equinox mark the beginning of spring and autumn. September and March 21st
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| Biome | A regional ecosystem that contains plants an animals that are specially adapted to the regional climate.
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| Savannah | A flat, treeless arctic region in which only mosses and lichen adapted to the cold dry weather can survive.
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| Tundra | Permanently frozen subsoil
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| Permafrost | refers to a coniferous forest found in cold climates, for example the Taiga in Russia
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| Steppe | Broadleaf trees that lose their leaves
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| Rainforest | a tropical grassland that can support large herds of animals, found in Tropical Wet/Dry Climate.
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| Deciduous | Scrub vegetation (short trees and shrubs) growing in Mediterranean climate zones that is drought resistant
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| Boreal Forest | a forest with an abundance of rainfall year round resulting in a great quantity/ variety of plat life.
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| Canal | an artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of ships.
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| Polder | a section of a waterway with closed gates where water levels are raised and lowered , through which ships can pass.
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| Drip Irrigation | to supply land with water by artificial means, as by diverting streams, flooding , or spraying.
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| Terraced Farming | an ancient technique for growing crops on a mountain side
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| Domestic | to adapt plants and animals from the wild to make them useful for People
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| conservation | the protection or carefully planned use of a resource, for example the protection of an endangered species or planned usage of fossil fuels.
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| Suitable Development | technological and economic growth that does not deplete the resources of an area
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| Drip Irrigation | the practice of using small pipes that slowly drip just above the ground to conserve water.
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| Desalinization | the removal salt from ocean water
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| Desertification | the creation of desert like conditions, usually caused by a combination of overgrazing, soil erosion, drought, and climate change.
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| Cyclone | a tropical storm with fierce winds and heavy rains that forms in the Indian Ocean
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| Typhoon | a tropical storm with fierce winds and heave rains that forms in the Pacific Ocean
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| Storm surge | a high water level brought by a tropical storms that floods low lying area.
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| Runoff | rainfall that is not absorbed by the soil which can carry pesticides ad fertilizers from fields into rivers and the water supply.
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| Global warming | a build-up of Carbon Dioxides in the atmosphere, preventing heat from escaping into space and causing rising temperatures and shifting weather patterns.
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| Polder | Land that has been reclaimed from the sea
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| Dam | a barrier constructed typically along a river to hold back water, the resulting reservoir can be used as a water supply or to produce hydroelectric power.
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| Birth rate | the number of live births per 1000 people in the population
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| Death rate | the number of deaths per 1000 people in the population
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