radiation biology ch 36
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| Stochastic effects are | late effects of radiation
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| What type of curve do radiation protection guidelines follow? | linear nonthreshold
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| Where does radiation induced cataracts occur? | the posterior pole of the lens
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| What effets do high LET radiation have on the eye? | will cause cataracts 100% of the time
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| What type of curve do cataracts follow? | nonlinear threshold
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| At worst, what amount of lifespan shortening can be expected from radiation exposure? | 10 days per rad
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| What is the formula for relative risk? | observed cases/expected cases
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| What type of curve does leukemia follow? | linear nonthreshold
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| What is the latent period for leukemia? | 4-7 years
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| What is the at risk period for leukemia? | 20 years
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| What is the latent period for cataracts? | 5-30 years
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| What was the An Arbor series? | peds 20-30 rad to the thymus, 1940’s-50’s late effects thyroid cancer
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| What was the Rochester Series? | peds 300 rad to thymus, 1940’s-50’s late effect thyroid cancer
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| What was the Rongelap Atoll case? | atomic bomb testing fallout exposure. 1200 rad to thyroid
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| What type of curve does thyroid cancer follow? | linear nonthreshold
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| What is the half life of radium? | 1620 years
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| How much radium was the maximum ingested by the watch dial painters? | 500 Gy (50,000 rad)
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| What type of curve do skin cancers follow? | threshold
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| What is the latent period for skin cancers? | 5-10 years
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| What is the relative risk for rad techs and breast cancer? | 1.13
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| BEIR | Biologic Effectiveness of Ionizing Radiation
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| What is the most radiosensitive phase for the fetus? | 1st trimester (weeks 2-10)
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| What is the most radiorestistant phase for the fetus? | weeks 0-2
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| How much does 10 rad increase the risk of congenital abnormalities? | 1% (norm. is 5%)
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| How much does 10 rad increase the risk of spontaneous abortion? | .1% (norm 25%)
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| What is the period of major organogenesis for a fetus? | weeks 2-10
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| When might DNA damage occur to the fetus with radiation exposure? | weeks 2-10
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| when does skeletal development occur for the fetus? | weeks 2-6
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| when does cognitive development occur for the fetus? | weeks 6-10
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| how much does 10 rad increase the likeliness of mental retardation? | .5% (norm 6%)
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| what is the doubling dose for humans? | 50-250 rad
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| at what exposure level are abnormalities with pregnancy increased, potentially leading to a therapeutic abortion? | 20-25 rad
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