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Research Methods

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Question
Answer
What is an experiment?   A scientific procedure to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.  
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What is an independent variable?   The variable that is manipulated by the researcher; does not depend on another variable.  
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What is the experimental group?   The tested group.  
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What is the control group?   Does not receive the treatment.  
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What is the placebo effect?   When a fake treatment affects a participant the same way the real treatment would, simply because they believe they should be affected in that way.  
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What is a double-blind study?   Neither participant or research are aware of what people are assigned to which group.  
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What is the dependent variable?   Response to the independent variable.  
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What is an operational definition?   A clear, precise, & typically quantifiable definition of the variables; allows for replication.  
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What is the meaning of confound?   A flaw in the study.  
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What is random assignment?   A process to randomly assign participants to either the controlled or experimental group; minimizes bias & increases chance of equal representation.  
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What is a random sample?   Method for choosing participants.  
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What does validity mean?   Accurate results.  
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What does reliability mean?   Same results every time.  
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What is naturalistic observation?   Observing subjects in their natural environment  
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What is correlation?   Identifies relationship between two variables; not causation.  
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What is positive correlation?   Variables vary in the same direction.  
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What is negative correlation?   Variables vary in the opposite direction.  
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What is a case study?   Studies one person, usually in great detail.  
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What is the mean?   The average number.  
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What is the median?   The middle number.  
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What is the mode?   The number that occurs most often.  
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What are inferential statistics?   They establishes significance.  
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What are the ethical guidelines?   Confidentially, informed consent, debriefing, & deception must be warranted.  
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