Quiz #1 for Biochem
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| What molecules ARE products of salivarry a-amylase? | Maltose, isomaltose, dextrins
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| What molecule is NOT a product of salivary a-amylase? | Glucose
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| The primary transporter of fructose into intestinal epithelial cells is... | GLUT-5 ---- GLUT 2 also mentions intestinal mucousa, but NOT fructose
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| GLUT 1 = | Blood brain barrier
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| GLUT 2 = | Intestinal mucousa, liver, pancreas, kidney
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| GLUT 3 = | CNS, nerve cells
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| GLUT 4 = | Muscle and adipose
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| Which GLUT's are IN only? | GLUT 1, GLUT 3, GLUT 4 (and GLUT 5)
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| Which GLUT/s is/are in and out? | GLUT 2
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| The SGLT-1 transporter is an example of what kind of transporter? | Symport
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| The carbogydrate transporter GLUT-4 is highly abundant in which type of cell? | Muscle cells
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| Which of the following carbohydrate transporters is insulin-dependent? | GLUT-4
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| In humans, what is the fate of cellulose in digestion? | It is excreted in the feces
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| When levels of glucose are high relative to fructose-6-phosphate, glucokinase resides where in the cell? | In the Cytosol
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| When levels of glucose are LOW relative to fructose-6-Phosphate, glucokinase resides where in the cell? | The nucleus
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| In what cell type is glucokinase found? | Hepatocytes (liver), pancreas, and kidney cells
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| In what cell type/s is Hexokinase found? | Muscle, adipose, neurons, RBCs, brain...
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| What is the net balanced equation for anaerobic glycolysis? | Glucose +2ADP + 2Pi ---> 2 lactate+2 ATP +2H2O + 2H+
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| Anaerobic = ? | becomes lactate and does NOT use O2
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| Aerobic = | Uses O2 - muscle cells can contract frequently without fatigue
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| Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-determining reaction step of glycolysis? | Phosphofructokinase-1
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| What is the phosphorylation state of PFK-2/FBPase-2 at low insulin/glucagon ration? | Net phosphorylated
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| When PFK-2/FBPase-2 is in the above state, what is the state of glycolysis in the hepatocyte? | Negative for glycolysis
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| What is the net reaction from 1 Glucose through Glycolysis+PDH+TCA? | 6 CO2, 2 FADH, 2 GTP, 2 ATP, 10 NADH
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| Which small molecule negatively regulates the rate-determining step of glycolysis? | ATP
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| In which cellular compartment does glycolysis occur? | The cytosol
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| When muscle cells take up fructose, what is the immediate product? | Fructose-6-phosphate
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| What is the function of lactate dehydrogenase in metabolism? | regeneration of NAD+
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| What are the 3 regulated steps in TCA? | Citrate synthase, Isocitrate degydrogenase, apha-ketagluterate
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| In which cellular compartment does the pyruvate dehydrogenase occur? | Mitochondria
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| Which of the following is NOT a fate of pyruvate in humans? | Ethanol (is NOT made naturally in humans)
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| Which combination of cofactors does the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex utilize? | Lipoamide, coA, and FAD
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| What are the products of 1 glucose molecules through the Krebs cycle? | 4 CO2 + 6 NADH2 + 2 FADH2 + 2 GTP
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| Which of the following Krebs cycle enzymes is NOT REGULATED by [NADH]/[NAD+] ratios? | Aconitase
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| Which of the following Krebs cycle enzymes IS REGULATED by [NADH]/[NAD+] ratios? | Citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, a-ketaglutarate dehydrogenase
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| What are the inhibitors Citrate Synthase? | Citrate, succinyl CoA, and NADH
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| What are the Activators of Citrate Synthase? | OAA, and Acetyl CoA
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| What are the inhibitors of a-ketagluterate Dehydrogenase? | NADH/NAD+, and Succinyl CoA
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| What are the activators of a-ketagluterate dehydrogenase? | Ca2+
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| What are the inhibitors of Isocitrate DH? | NADH/NAD+ ONLY
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| What are the activators of Isocitrate DH? | CA2+ and ADP
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| Which of the following processes is NOT cataplerotic with respect to TCA? | Fatty Acid oxidation
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| What is the function of the malate-aspertate shuttle we have discussed so far? | Transportation of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to the mitochondria for electron transport
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| What is the ultimate electron acceptor in Electron transport? | Oxygen
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| Carbohydrate digestion begins with ________? | Glycosidases in the mouth
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| What cleaves the alpha (1-4) bonds of complex carbohydrates? | A-amylase
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| What are the symptoms of dissaccharide intolerance? | Cramps, osmotic diarrhea, flatulence
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| When levels of glucose are high relative to fructose-6 phosphate, Glucokinase resides where in the cell? | Cytosol
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| In what cell types are glucokinase found? | Hepatocytes, Pancreatic Beta-cells
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| In what cell types is Hexokinase found? | adipocytes (adipose), MM, neurons, RBC
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| Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-determining reaction step of glycolysis? | Phosphofructokinase-1
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| What small molecule is the chief regulator of glycolysis? | Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate
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| What is the net balanced equation for aerobic glycolysis? | Glucose+2ADP+ 2Pi + 2NAD+ --> 2 pyruvate +2 ATP + 2 NADH
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| A deficiency in aldose B in the liver requires the exclusion of what molecules from the diet? | Sorbitol, sucrose, and fructose
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| What is a direct metabolic fate of pyruvate? | Alanine, Oxaloaccetate, and Acetyl CoA (NOT Vit K)
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| What is a product of 1 round of the Krebs cycle? | 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP, 2 CO2
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| Assuming the glycerophosphate shuttle, what is the net ATP obtained from 1 molecule of glucose following Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? | 38 ATP
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| High concentration of which of the following would lead to inscreased activity in the TCA cycle? | Ca2+
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| Which electron carrier is only capable of carrying a single electron in the electron transport chain? | Cytochrome C
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| The activity of Cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV) is largely controlled by the availability of which molecule? | Cytochrome c (fe2+)
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| What is the final acceptor of electrons from the electron transport? | O2
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| What compound is the starting point for gluconeogenesis in the cytosol? | Oxaloacetate
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| What is the net phosphorylation state of phosphofructose-2/fructose-bisphosphate-2 in the well-fed state (HIGH) insulin/low glucagon? | Net phosphorylated
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| Which of the following enzymes is NOT a target of PKA? | Glycogen Phosphoylase
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| Which of the following molecules diverts pyruvate away from TCA and towards gluconeogenesis? | Acetyl CoA
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| Myocytes are unable to supply glucose to the blood stream for delivery to other tissues because.... why? | They lack glucose 6 phosphate
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Created by:
walkingbyfaith09
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