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LWWC BC2 - Quiz 1
Quiz #1 for Biochem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What molecules ARE products of salivarry a-amylase? | Maltose, isomaltose, dextrins |
| What molecule is NOT a product of salivary a-amylase? | Glucose |
| The primary transporter of fructose into intestinal epithelial cells is... | GLUT-5 ---- GLUT 2 also mentions intestinal mucousa, but NOT fructose |
| GLUT 1 = | Blood brain barrier |
| GLUT 2 = | Intestinal mucousa, liver, pancreas, kidney |
| GLUT 3 = | CNS, nerve cells |
| GLUT 4 = | Muscle and adipose |
| Which GLUT's are IN only? | GLUT 1, GLUT 3, GLUT 4 (and GLUT 5) |
| Which GLUT/s is/are in and out? | GLUT 2 |
| The SGLT-1 transporter is an example of what kind of transporter? | Symport |
| The carbogydrate transporter GLUT-4 is highly abundant in which type of cell? | Muscle cells |
| Which of the following carbohydrate transporters is insulin-dependent? | GLUT-4 |
| In humans, what is the fate of cellulose in digestion? | It is excreted in the feces |
| When levels of glucose are high relative to fructose-6-phosphate, glucokinase resides where in the cell? | In the Cytosol |
| When levels of glucose are LOW relative to fructose-6-Phosphate, glucokinase resides where in the cell? | The nucleus |
| In what cell type is glucokinase found? | Hepatocytes (liver), pancreas, and kidney cells |
| In what cell type/s is Hexokinase found? | Muscle, adipose, neurons, RBCs, brain... |
| What is the net balanced equation for anaerobic glycolysis? | Glucose +2ADP + 2Pi ---> 2 lactate+2 ATP +2H2O + 2H+ |
| Anaerobic = ? | becomes lactate and does NOT use O2 |
| Aerobic = | Uses O2 - muscle cells can contract frequently without fatigue |
| Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-determining reaction step of glycolysis? | Phosphofructokinase-1 |
| What is the phosphorylation state of PFK-2/FBPase-2 at low insulin/glucagon ration? | Net phosphorylated |
| When PFK-2/FBPase-2 is in the above state, what is the state of glycolysis in the hepatocyte? | Negative for glycolysis |
| What is the net reaction from 1 Glucose through Glycolysis+PDH+TCA? | 6 CO2, 2 FADH, 2 GTP, 2 ATP, 10 NADH |
| Which small molecule negatively regulates the rate-determining step of glycolysis? | ATP |
| In which cellular compartment does glycolysis occur? | The cytosol |
| When muscle cells take up fructose, what is the immediate product? | Fructose-6-phosphate |
| What is the function of lactate dehydrogenase in metabolism? | regeneration of NAD+ |
| What are the 3 regulated steps in TCA? | Citrate synthase, Isocitrate degydrogenase, apha-ketagluterate |
| In which cellular compartment does the pyruvate dehydrogenase occur? | Mitochondria |
| Which of the following is NOT a fate of pyruvate in humans? | Ethanol (is NOT made naturally in humans) |
| Which combination of cofactors does the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex utilize? | Lipoamide, coA, and FAD |
| What are the products of 1 glucose molecules through the Krebs cycle? | 4 CO2 + 6 NADH2 + 2 FADH2 + 2 GTP |
| Which of the following Krebs cycle enzymes is NOT REGULATED by [NADH]/[NAD+] ratios? | Aconitase |
| Which of the following Krebs cycle enzymes IS REGULATED by [NADH]/[NAD+] ratios? | Citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, a-ketaglutarate dehydrogenase |
| What are the inhibitors Citrate Synthase? | Citrate, succinyl CoA, and NADH |
| What are the Activators of Citrate Synthase? | OAA, and Acetyl CoA |
| What are the inhibitors of a-ketagluterate Dehydrogenase? | NADH/NAD+, and Succinyl CoA |
| What are the activators of a-ketagluterate dehydrogenase? | Ca2+ |
| What are the inhibitors of Isocitrate DH? | NADH/NAD+ ONLY |
| What are the activators of Isocitrate DH? | CA2+ and ADP |
| Which of the following processes is NOT cataplerotic with respect to TCA? | Fatty Acid oxidation |
| What is the function of the malate-aspertate shuttle we have discussed so far? | Transportation of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to the mitochondria for electron transport |
| What is the ultimate electron acceptor in Electron transport? | Oxygen |
| Carbohydrate digestion begins with ________? | Glycosidases in the mouth |
| What cleaves the alpha (1-4) bonds of complex carbohydrates? | A-amylase |
| What are the symptoms of dissaccharide intolerance? | Cramps, osmotic diarrhea, flatulence |
| When levels of glucose are high relative to fructose-6 phosphate, Glucokinase resides where in the cell? | Cytosol |
| In what cell types are glucokinase found? | Hepatocytes, Pancreatic Beta-cells |
| In what cell types is Hexokinase found? | adipocytes (adipose), MM, neurons, RBC |
| Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-determining reaction step of glycolysis? | Phosphofructokinase-1 |
| What small molecule is the chief regulator of glycolysis? | Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate |
| What is the net balanced equation for aerobic glycolysis? | Glucose+2ADP+ 2Pi + 2NAD+ --> 2 pyruvate +2 ATP + 2 NADH |
| A deficiency in aldose B in the liver requires the exclusion of what molecules from the diet? | Sorbitol, sucrose, and fructose |
| What is a direct metabolic fate of pyruvate? | Alanine, Oxaloaccetate, and Acetyl CoA (NOT Vit K) |
| What is a product of 1 round of the Krebs cycle? | 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP, 2 CO2 |
| Assuming the glycerophosphate shuttle, what is the net ATP obtained from 1 molecule of glucose following Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? | 38 ATP |
| High concentration of which of the following would lead to inscreased activity in the TCA cycle? | Ca2+ |
| Which electron carrier is only capable of carrying a single electron in the electron transport chain? | Cytochrome C |
| The activity of Cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV) is largely controlled by the availability of which molecule? | Cytochrome c (fe2+) |
| What is the final acceptor of electrons from the electron transport? | O2 |
| What compound is the starting point for gluconeogenesis in the cytosol? | Oxaloacetate |
| What is the net phosphorylation state of phosphofructose-2/fructose-bisphosphate-2 in the well-fed state (HIGH) insulin/low glucagon? | Net phosphorylated |
| Which of the following enzymes is NOT a target of PKA? | Glycogen Phosphoylase |
| Which of the following molecules diverts pyruvate away from TCA and towards gluconeogenesis? | Acetyl CoA |
| Myocytes are unable to supply glucose to the blood stream for delivery to other tissues because.... why? | They lack glucose 6 phosphate |
Created by:
walkingbyfaith09
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