Cell bio practice 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is the function of karyopherins? | show 🗑
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| Ribosomes contain one copy each of 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rRNA. The major mechanism ensuring that each is produced in equal molar amounts is | show 🗑
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| Altered gene expression is one possible explanation for the phenotypic consequences of nuclear lamina diseases. The other is | show 🗑
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| show | guide RNAs.
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| The directionality of nuclear protein import is determined by | show 🗑
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| Which of the following are not subcompartments of the nucleus? | show 🗑
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| An important step in the import of the transcription factor NF-κB into the nucleus is regulated by a | show 🗑
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| The nuclear basket protein complex is a component of the nuclear pore complex found | show 🗑
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| show | in distinct territories
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| Which of the following does not take place in the nucleus? | show 🗑
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| show | basic amino acids
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| show | GDP
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| Which of the following statements about heterochromatin is false? | show 🗑
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| Initial steps in the functional assembly of snRNPs occur in the | show 🗑
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| mRNA molecules are exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via | show 🗑
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| show | endoplasmic reticulum
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| The fibrous proteins underlying the inner nuclear membrane are | show 🗑
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| show | Approximately 20
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| snRNPs that are responsible for pre-mRNA splicing are assembled and stored in | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is a possible intermediate during pre-rRNA processing? | show 🗑
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| The nucleolus is the site where | show 🗑
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| The most prominent nuclear body is the | show 🗑
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| show | selective transport through the nuclear pores
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| Which of the following factors contributes to the comparative ease of determining how pre-rRNA is processed? | show 🗑
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| The nuclear pore complex of proteins is estimated to have a mass | show 🗑
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| Cargo proteins are transported through the Golgi apparatus | show 🗑
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| The trans-Golgi network is a hub for protein sorting to many destinations. Mitoch and chlorop are examples of organelles that are not part of the sec pathway. What is the most plausible explanation for their absence from the secretory pathway? | show 🗑
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| The lumen of the ER is equivalent topologically to the | show 🗑
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| Which of the following would you expect to find at high concentrations in lysosomes? | show 🗑
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| As they emerge from the ribosome, signal sequences are recognized and bound by a(n) | show 🗑
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| For many yeast proteins, posttranslational translocation of proteins targeting the ER is | show 🗑
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| show | cytosolic side of the ER membrane
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| Which of the following is not a destination for vesicles leaving the Golgi apparatus? | show 🗑
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| show | internal signal sequences
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| show | the uptake of extracellular molecules by endocytosis and the transport of molecules from the trans-Golgi network to the lysosomes.
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| show | Glycolipids
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| show | TRC40 (GET3)
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| show | Secretory granules
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| show | the exit part of the Golgi where sorting of proteins to the lysosomes, plasma membrane, and cell exterior occurs.
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| N-linked glycosylation at an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus sequence adds _______ sugar(s) in a single step to the protein. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following statements about transmembrane proteins is true? | show 🗑
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| Proteins are translocated into the ER lumen | show 🗑
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| The ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are targeted to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane via | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is not involved in the specific targeting of proteins to lysosomes? | show 🗑
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| Calreticulin assists in folding glycoproteins that contain one _______ residue | show 🗑
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| show | lighter than
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| In the “pulse-chase” experiment, Palade studied the pathway taken by secreted proteins in pancreatic acinar cells by labeling them.Which of the following represents the correct order in which the proteins were identified? | show 🗑
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| show | binding to receptors within the membranes of the ERGIC and Golgi, which retain them or return them to the ER.
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| show | autophagy
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| The major model of vesicle fusion holds that actual fusion of a vesicle with its target membrane is driven by the interaction of pairs of proteins called vesicle and target | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is not involved in protein transport into mitochondria? | show 🗑
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| Where do phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine originate? | show 🗑
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| What is the major site of energy production in the form of ATP in human cells? | show 🗑
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| show | Proplastid
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| The amino terminal presequence on proteins imported into the mitochondrial inner membrane is | show 🗑
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| show | Light
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| _______ different translocon systems are used for protein import from the chloroplast stroma into the thylakoid lumen or membrane. | show 🗑
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| show | The thylakoid membrane
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| Zellweger syndrome is caused by a defect in | show 🗑
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| show | chromoplasts.
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| show | the biosynthesis of the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide.
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| Assuming that human mitochondria contain about 1,500 different proteins, approximately what percentage of the mitochondrial proteome is encoded by mitochondrial DNA? | show 🗑
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| Mitochondria differ from other organelles such as lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus in that they | show 🗑
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| show | increased proton flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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| The human mitochondrial genome encodes only 22 tRNAs. This limited array of tRNAs can read the 64 possible triplet codons through extreme wobble in base pairing at the third codon position and the use of a(n) _______ genetic code. | show 🗑
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| show | 150
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| show | β-barrel proteins
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| show | are inherited from the mother.
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| Which of the following is not a protein translocon/translocase found in the mitochondrial inner or outer membrane? | show 🗑
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| show | The first creates an electrochemical gradient, while the second is largely a chemical gradient.
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| The major cation responsible for regulating actin-myosin contraction is | show 🗑
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| show | 7 nm.
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| Which of the following is not a function of actin-binding proteins? | show 🗑
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| show | Kinetochore microtubules
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| show | vinculin
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| Which of the following cytosolic proteins in red blood cells is the link between the plasma membrane and the spectrin/actin network beneath the cell surface? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is not true of the assembly of actin filaments? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is not one of the functions of the cytoskeleton? | show 🗑
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| show | Rather than consisting of a single type of protein, they can be made up of a number of different proteins
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| show | contractile
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| show | They are projections of the plasma membrane supported by microfilaments.
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| show | sliding of myosin and actin fibers past each other.
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| show | transgenic mice.
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| Which of the following does not mediate the association between actin filaments and the plasma membrane? | show 🗑
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| Like myosins, kinesins and dyneins are both families of proteins. Which of the following statements is true of all kinesins and dyneins? | show 🗑
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| Kinesin and dynein are | show 🗑
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| show | the rate of GTP-bound tubulin addition relative to the rate of tubulin GTP hydrolysis.
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| Which of the following statements about myosin I is true? | show 🗑
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| Myosin II is found in skeletal muscle and the contractile ring. Other myosins do not form thick filaments and are still capable of producing movement To what do the tail(s) of myosin I and myosin V bind? | show 🗑
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| Cofilin plays a role in the | show 🗑
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| show | the major microtubule-organizing center in animal cells.
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| show | selectivity
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| show | Each member of the family is a Cl– channel.
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| Membrane proteins are able to move | show 🗑
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| show | Na+-K+ pump
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| show | K+
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| show | The concentration of Na+ outside the cell is about 30 times higher than inside the cell, and the concentration of K+ inside the cell is 10 to 30 times higher than outside the cell.
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| show | Mildly hypertonic saline
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| show | adaptor proteins
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| show | receptor-mediated endocytosis.
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| show | Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins
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| show | phagocytosis.
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| show | Pseudopodia
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| Two examples of membrane lipids that are present in small amounts are | show 🗑
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| Which of the following lipids are distinctly enriched in lipid rafts? | show 🗑
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| show | They lack nuclei and membrane-bounded organelles
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| show | acidic
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| show | an α-helical region of about 20 to 25 hydrophobic amino acids
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| show | active transport involves the transport of molecules up their concentration gradient
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| show | They are opened either by the binding of ligands or by changes in electric potential across the membrane
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| Which of the following statements about the glucose transporter is false? | show 🗑
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| show | link collagen, proteoglycans, and cells containing integrins.
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| Homophilic interactions between cells involve interactions | show 🗑
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| show | the linkage of cadherins either to actin filaments or to intermediate filaments, respectively.
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| Cellulose, chitin, and hyaluronan are all deposited extracellularly by | show 🗑
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| show | transient
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| A major function of tight junctions is to | show 🗑
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| show | glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
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| Which of the following statements about collagen is false? | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria? | show 🗑
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| show | Type I procollagen cannot form the triple helical oligomers that are the core structure of any collagen oligomer.
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| _______, although structurally different from gap junctions in animal cell tissues, may be thought of as the functional equivalent of gap junctions in plants. | show 🗑
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| The junctions between animal cells that allow the free passage of molecules smaller than approximately 1,000 daltons are called | show 🗑
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| show | chitin
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| Animal cells are embedded in a(n) | show 🗑
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| Specific recognition between cell types such as leukocytes and endothelial cells of blood vessels is mediated by cell-surface glycoproteins called | show 🗑
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| show | Thrombospondin
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| show | pectin
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| show | Curved or spiral-shaped
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| Proteins of the _______ family link transmembrane proteins of the tight junction to actin. | show 🗑
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| show | laminin
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| show | Signals from the extracellular matrix activate integrins to assume a head-group-extended conformation.
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| show | Stimulation of the growth of fibroblasts at the site of a wound, thus aiding the healing process
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| show | Notch
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| show | Increased synthesis of the receptor
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| G protein-coupled receptors are important molecules involved in signal transduction. Which of the following statements about G protein-coupled receptors is true? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following steroid hormone(s) is/are not secreted by the gonads? | show 🗑
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| show | the Notch pathway
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| show | protein kinase A
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| Which of the following statements about protein kinase A (PKA) is false? | show 🗑
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| Receptor protein-tyrosine kinases represent critical molecules involved in growth and differentiation. Which of the following is not a common structural feature of all receptor protein-tyrosine kinases? | show 🗑
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| show | IκΒ
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| Heterotrimeric G proteins are not the only guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. Which of the following also represents a family of GTP-binding proteins that act as monomers instead of being a heterotrimeric compound? | show 🗑
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| show | Insulin release by β cells in the pancreas, mediating an effect of glucose uptake by muscle cells
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| The MEK kinase (MAP kinase/ERK kinase) is unusual in that it | show 🗑
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| The signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) functions | show 🗑
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| show | protein domains that bind phosphotyrosine-containing peptides.
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| show | Retinoic acid
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| Which of the following statements regarding heterotrimeric G proteins in a resting state is true? | show 🗑
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| show | the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton
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| Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is synthesized from ATP by the action of | show 🗑
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| show | signaling between cells located close to each other
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| show | The α subunit becomes deactivated when the hormone dissociates from the receptor
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| show | Neurotransmitters are small hydrophilic molecules and neuropeptides are small proteins.
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| In the absence of growth factor, most animal cells will stop the cell cycle at a restriction point in what stage? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following statements about cyclin B is false? | show 🗑
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| show | unreplicated or damaged DNA
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| Which of the following are not phosphorylated by the Cdk1/cyclin B complex during mitosis? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is not involved in metaphase II arrest during meiosis? | show 🗑
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| At fertilization, the sperm binds to a receptor on the surface of the egg and fuses with the plasma membrane, initiating the development of a new diploid organism. Which of the following statements about fertilization is false? | show 🗑
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| During what phase of meiosis does recombination between maternal and paternal chromosomes occur? | show 🗑
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| Most cells in an adult animal are | show 🗑
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| show | G1 phase
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| show | S phase
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| show | centromere
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| show | Metaphase
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| show | G1 phase
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| Cell cycle checkpoints ensure that complete genomes are transmitted to daughter cells. DNA damage checkpoints are found in all of the following phases except | show 🗑
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| show | It is always present and its activity is regulated by fluctuating levels of Cdk4 and Cdk6.
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| In which of the following cell types do G1 and G2 not take place? | show 🗑
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| show | the G1, G2, and S phases
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| show | Cdk inhibitors
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| show | S phase
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| The progression from metaphase to anaphase is triggered by | show 🗑
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| In yeast, START triggers the progression from G1 to S. Which of the following are involved in regulating START? a. Nutrients b. Mating factors c. Cell size d. All of the above | show 🗑
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| Which of the following products would result from caspase cleavage of a protein with the amino acid sequence AVEELCSTWYYDLLCHMRTL? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is/are not considered a viable of stem cells? | show 🗑
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| show | BH3
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| Which of the following statements about cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer is false? | show 🗑
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| Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) regulate caspases. Which of the following statements about IAPs is false? | show 🗑
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| show | The transplanted cells are identical to those of the recipient who donated the adult nucleus, so complications of immune rejection are avoided.
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| The PI 3-kinase pathway is important in countering apoptosis in healthy cells and promotes cell survival. Which of the following statements about the PI 3-kinase pathway is false? | show 🗑
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| In reference to stem cells, which of the following statements is false? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following stem cells have the capacity to give rise to all the differentiated cell types of adult organisms? | show 🗑
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| Bone marrow transplants are used to treat patients with which of the following diseases? | show 🗑
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| show | HIV
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| Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, occurs in all of the following cases except | show 🗑
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| show | Cell cycle reentry
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| show | Neurons
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| Murine embryonic stem cells are grown in the presence of a growth factor. What growth factor is generally used for this? | show 🗑
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| show | p53
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| TNF and related cytokines can directly induce apoptosis. Which of the following statements about TNF-mediated induction of apoptosis is true? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following statements about caspases is false? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following cells cannot develop from hematopoietic stem cells? | show 🗑
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| show | When activated, Bax and Bak form oligomers in the outer membrane of mitochondria, leading to the release of cytochrome c.
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| show | They can be present in many tandem copies, as opposed to the single copy present in the cell.
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| show | The oncogenic mutation occurs in the extracellular amino terminal end of receptors., The oncogenic mutation constitutively activates the intracellular kinase activity , The oncogenic mutation generates a receptor that is no longer dependent on ligands
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| Which of the following tumor suppressor genes has been associated with colon cancer? | show 🗑
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| The most lethal type of cancer in the United States is cancer of the | show 🗑
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| show | inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels in the vicinity of the tumor.
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| Which of the following statements concerning the difference between cancer cells and normal cells is false? | show 🗑
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| show | It is the cause of the rare childhood cancer of the eye, retinoblastoma
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| show | Fos and Jun
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| Which of the following statements about papillomaviruses is false? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following statements about cancers is false? | show 🗑
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| Infection with which of the following viruses is associated with development of liver cancer in humans? | show 🗑
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| PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene in the Akt signaling pathway. Which of the following statements about PTEN/Akt is false? | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following has not been found to cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | src.
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| Which of the following genes is expressed by SV40 (simian virus 40) and induces transformation? | show 🗑
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| Angiogenesis contributes to cancer development by | show 🗑
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| show | translocation of the c-myc proto-oncogene.
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| show | components of signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation.
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| People infected with HIV are more susceptible to acquiring certain types of cancer because | show 🗑
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