vocabulary for unit 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| chemical kinetics | area of chemistry that concerns reaction rates
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| reaction rate | change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit of time
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| instantaneous rate | value of the rate at a particular time
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| rate law | also known as differential rate law
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| rate constant | property constant in the relationship between reaction rates and reactant concentration
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| order | positive or negative exponent determined by experiment of reactant concentration in a rate law
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| differential rate law | experiment gives rate of reaction as a function of concentration often called the rate law
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| integrated rate law | exponent that shows the concentration of a reactant as a function of time
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| method of initial rates | method for experimentally determining the form of the rate law for a reaction
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| initial rate | instantaneous rate determined just after reaction begins
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| overall reaction order | sum of n + m
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| first order reaction | rate of reaction depends on a concentration to the first power
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| integrated first order rate law | will always plot a straight line
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| half life of a reactant | time required for a reactant to reach 1/2 its original concentration
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| integrated second order rate law | rate of reaction depends on concentration to second power
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| zero order reaction | rate is always constant
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| integrated zero order rate law | plot of concentration of A versus t gives a straight line slope of -k
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| pseudo first order rate law | law obtained by simplification of a more complicated one
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| reaction mechanism | series of elementary steps involved in chemical reaction
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| intermediate | species is neither a reactant nor a product but is formed and consumed in the reaction sequence
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| elementary step | reaction whose rate law can be written from its molecularity
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| molecularity | number of species that must collide to produce the reaction represented by an elemental step in a reaction mechanism
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| unimolecular step | reaction step involving only 1 molecule
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| bimolecular step | reaction involving collision of 2 molecules
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| termolecular step | reaction involving the simultaneous collision of 3 molecules
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| rate-determining step | slowest step in a reaction mechanism, determines overall rate
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| collision model | model based on an idea that molecule must collide to react used to account for observed characteristics of reaction rates
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| activation energy | threshold energy that must be overcome to produce a chemical reaction
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| activated complex (transition state) | arrangement of atoms found at top of potential energy barrier as a reaction proceeds from reactants to products
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| molecular orientation | orientation of molecules during collision some of which can lead to reaction while others cannot
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| steric factor | factor (always less than 1) reflects fraction of collisions with orientation that can produce a chemical reaction
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| Arrhenius equation | equation representing rate constant as k=Ae ^-E/RT
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| frequency factor | A replaces zp
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| enzyme | large molecule, usually a protein that catalyzes biological reactions
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| catalyst | substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed
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| homogeneous catalyst | present in the same phase as reacting molecules
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| heterogeneous catalyst | exists in different phases
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| adsorption | collection of 1 substance on the surface of another
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