Sensation and Perception
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| Sensation | The sense organs’ detection of external physical stimulus and the transmission of information about this stimulus to the brain.
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| Perception | The processing, organization, and interpretation of sensory signals in the brain; these processes result in an internal neural representation of the physical stimulus.
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| Absolute Threshold | The smallest amount of physical stimulation required to detect a sensory input half of the time it is present.
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| Retina | The thin inner surface of the back of the eyeball; this surface contains the sensory receptors.
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| Thrichromatic Theory | There are three types of cone receptor cells in the retina that are responsible for color perception. Each type responds optimally to different, but overlapping, ranges of wavelengths.
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| Opponent-process Theory | The proposal that ganglion cells in the retina receive excitatory input from one type of cone and inhibitory input from another type of cone, creating the perception that some colors are opposites.
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| Top-down processing | The perception of objects is due to the complex analysis of prior experiences and expectations within the brain; this analysis influences how sensory receptors process stimulus input from the environment.
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| Binocular depth cues | Cues of depth perception that arise because people have two eyes.
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| Eardrum | A thin membrane that marks the beginning of the middle ear; sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate.
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| Cochlea | A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear that houses the sensory receptors.
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| Hair Cells | Sensory receptors located in the cochlea that detect sound waves and transduce them into signals that ultimately are processed in the brain as sound.
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| Temporal Coding | The perception of lower-pitched sounds is a result of the rate at which hair cells are stimulated by sound waves of lower frequencies.
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| Place Coding | The perception of higher-pitched sounds is a result of the location on the basilar membrane where hair cells are stimulated by sound waves of varying higher frequencies.
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| Taste Buds | Structures, located in papillae on the tongue, that contain the sensory receptors called taste receptors.
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| Papillae | Structures on the tongue that contain groupings of taste buds.
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| Olfactory Epithelium | A thin layer of tissue, deep within the nasal cavity, containing the olfactory receptors; these sensory receptors produce information that is processed in the brain as smell.
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| Olfactory Bulb | A brain structure above the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity; from this structure, the olfactory nerve carries information about smell to the brain.
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| Pressure Receptors | Sensory receptors in the skin that detect tactile stimulation and transduce it into information processed in the brain as different types of pressure on the skin.
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| Fast Fibers | Sensory receptors in skin, muscles, organs, and membranes around both bones and joints; these myelinated fibers quickly convey intense sensory input to the brain, where it is perceived as sharp, immediate pain.
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| Mia is taking a hearing test. The technician instructs her to tell him when she hears a sound. Th test moves from louder to softer sounds, until Mia can hear a sound of a certain volume only have the time it is given. The tech. is determining Mia's what? | Absolute Threshold
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Created by:
mstendeback
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