DHS PS Ch. 16 - Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table (2015/2016)
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| What is the smallest piece of matter that still has the properies of the element called? | atoms
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| What has an electrical charge of 1+? | protons
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| What part of the atom has no or neutral charge called? | neutrons
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| What has an electrical charge of 1-? | electrons
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| Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom? | nucleus
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| Where are electrons located in an atom? | in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus
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| Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles called? | quarks
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| How many quarks are known to be in extistence? | 6
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| What is the sixth quark called? | top quark
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| What do scientists use to represent atoms? | scaled models
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| What did Dalton's original model of the atom consists of? | solid sphere
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| What is the name of the model that shows electrons traveling in specific energy levels around a nucleus of protons and neutrons? | electron cloud
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| What is the most useful method for describing atoms? | constructing a model
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| An atom that contains 6 positive charges and 6 negative charges has what kind of charge? | no net
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| Democritus believed that the universe was made of what two things? | empty space and atoms
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| Atoms consist of a positively charged center called a? | nucleus
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| The negatively charged particles outside the nucleus of an atom are called? | electrons
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| What is the name of the model of the atom that reflects the unpredictable motion of the electron? | electron cloud model
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| Aristotle believed that matter was? | uniform throughout
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| The discovery of the sixth quark was accomplished by? | studying proton collisions
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| Which atomic particle carries a 1+ charge? | proton
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| What is mostly composed of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus? | atomic mass
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| What is the unit of measurement for atomic particles that is one-twelth the mass of a carbon atom contaiing six protons and six neutrons called? | atomic mass unit (amu)
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| The number of protons in an atom is called the? | atomic number
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| What do we call the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom? | mass number
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| When atoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons we call this an? | isotope
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| Different isotopes can have _______ properties. | different
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| How do you find the number of neutrons? | mass number - atomic number
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| How do you identify an isotope? | Look at the name of the element followed by the mass number
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| What is the weighted-average mass of an element's isotopes called? | average atomic mass
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| The average atomic mass is closest to its most? | abundant isotope
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| Where does the electron cloud model of an atom place protons, neutrons, and electrons? | protons and neutrons are in a center nucleus surround by electrons traveling in specific energy levels
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| How do atomic number and mass number differ? | atomic number = the number of protons in an atom; mass number = the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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| When calculating the mass of an atom, the mass of an electron is? | negligible (not significant)
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| The mass of a proton is measured in? | atomic mass units
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| What are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons called? | isotopes
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| What is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons called? | mass number
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| How do you find the atomic mass of an element? | the number of protons + the number of neutrons of an atom
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| An isotope of Boron will have a different number of? | neutrons
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| The atomic number of an element is also the number of? | protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element
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| How are elements organized on the periodic table as you move from left to right? | by increasing atomic number
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| Who devised the first periodic table based on atomic mass? | Dmitri Mendeleev
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| How was Mendeleev's periodic table organized? | by increasing atomic mass and organized and grouped by similar chemical properties.
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| Who arranged the elements by atomic number rather than atomic mass? | Henry G. J. Moseley
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| How are families in the periodic table arranged? | in groups of elements with similar properties
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| Elements in the same group have the same? | number of electrons in their outer energy level or valence electrons
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| Energy levels can have a maximum number of ______ that they can hold. | electrons
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| How many electrons can energy level one contain? | no more than 2
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| How mane electrons can energy level two contain? | no more than 8
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| What do we use the element symbol and dots to represent outer energy level electrons? | electron dot diagrams
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| What are the horizontal rows of elements that contain increasing number of protons and electrons called? | periods
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| How are the elements calssified? | metals, nonmetals, or metalloids
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| What are the building blocks of other naturally occurring elements? | hydrogen and helium
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| What spreads heavier elements througout the universe? | supernovas
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| What do elements in the same group have in common? | chemical properties due to the same number of valence electrons.
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| What is the method of representing atoms and the electrons in their outer energy levels called? | electron dot diagram
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| What are the three general groups of elements? | metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
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| The name of every element can be abbreviated using a ______? | chemical symbol
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| Where on the periodic table are the metals located? | left side
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| All alements in Group 1 would have how many dots in their electron dot diagram? | one
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| A capital letter or a combination of a captial letter and a small letter that is used to represent an element is called? | chemical symbol
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| The horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table are called? | periods
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| An average of the masses of all the isotopes that occur in nature for an element is the? | average atomic mass
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| The vertical columns of elements on the periodic table are called? | groups or families
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| Elements in the middle of the periodic table, groups 3-12, are called the? | transition metals
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| The number of protons in an atom is the? | atomic number
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| Protons and neutrons can be subdivided into these by colliding them? | quarks
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| the center of an atom where proton and neutrons are located is the? | nucleus
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| A total count of the neutrons and protons in an atom is the? | mass number
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| Atoms of the same element but with different numbers of neutrons are? | isotopes
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| Elements that are found on the right side of the periodic table are? | nonmetals
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| Elements that have some properties of both metals and nonmetals that are located along the "staircase" are called? | metalloids
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| The particles that move about the nucleus and have a negative charge are? | electrons
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| An atoms is comprised of what three components? | proton, neutron, and electron
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| What has a charge of 1+? | proton
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| What is the smallest part of an element that retains all the properties of the element? | atoms
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| Where at on the peroidic table would you find the lightest elements? | top left
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| Where at on the periodic table would you find the heaviest elements? | bottom right
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| If you change the number of protons in an atom, you change the? | element
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| What method would be most useful for describing atoms? | constructing a model
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| The number of neutrons plus protons is called? | mass number
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| What are the 6 quarks names? | Up, Down, Strange, Charm, Bottom, Top
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| Name the scientist that offered proof that Democritus was correct? | John Dalton
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| What did Aristotle believe? | That matter was uniform throughout and was not composed of smaller particles
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| How many atoms stacked one on top of another would it take to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil? | 24,400
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| This scientist's model of the atom consisted of a ball of cookie dough with chocolate chips (electrons) embedded throughout. | Joseph John Thompson
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| This scientist's model of the atom consisted of a positively charged nucleus that was surrounded by electrons. | Ernest Rutherford
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| This scientist's model of the atom consisted of electrons that traveled in fixed orbits that could jump between orbits as they absorbed or released specific amounts of energy. | Niels Bohr
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