Anatomy of the respiratory system
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| Two pairs of vocal folds are found in the larynx. Which pair are the true vocal cords (superior or inferior)? | Inferior vocal folds
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| What cartilage forms the Adam's apple? | thyroid cartilage
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| What cartilage is shaped like a ring? | cricoid cartilage
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| What cartilage is a "lid" for the larynx? | Epiglottis
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| What cartilage is the vocal cord attachment? | arytenoid cartilage
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| Why is it important that the human trachea is reinforced with cartilaginous rings? | Reinforce the trachea walls to maintain its open passageway regardless of the pressure changes that occur during breathing.
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| Why is it important that the cartilaginous rings in the trachea are incomplete posteriorly? | Allows esophagus to expand anteriorly when a large food bolus is swallowed.
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| What is the function of the pleural fluid? | Produce lubricating serous fluid that causes them to adhere closely to one another, holding the lungs to the thoracic wall & allowing them to move easily against one another during the movements of breathing.
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| Name two functions of the nasal conchae | It warms, moistens and filters the air that passes through the nasal cavity.
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| Which is longer? (refer to the main bronchi) | left main bronchus
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| Which is larger in diameter? (refer to main bronchi) | right main bronchus
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| Which is more horizontal? (refer to main bronchi) | left main bronchus
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| Whic more commonly traps a foreign object that has entered the respiratory passageways? (refer to main bronchi) | R main bronchus
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| trachea | connects the larynx to the min bronchi
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| esophagus | food passageway posterior to the trachea
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| epiglottis | covers the glottis during swallowing of food
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| larynx | contains the vocal cords
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| phrenic nerve | nerve that activates the diaphragm during inspiration
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| parietal pleura | pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax
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| alveolus | site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood
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| pharyngotympanic tube | connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
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| glottis | contains opening between the vocal folds
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| conchae | increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity
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| What portions of the respiratory system are referred to as anatomical dead space? | All respiratory passageways (conducting zone structures), besides respiratory zone structures, from nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles
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| Why are the respiratory passageways referred to as anatomical dead space? | They have no exchange functioin
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| external respiration | The gas between the blood and the air filled chambers of the lungs (oxygen loading/carbon dioxide unloading)
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| internal respiration | Exchange of gases between systemic blood and tissue cells (oxygen unloading and carbon dioxide loading)
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