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Exercise 36
Anatomy of the respiratory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two pairs of vocal folds are found in the larynx. Which pair are the true vocal cords (superior or inferior)? | Inferior vocal folds |
| What cartilage forms the Adam's apple? | thyroid cartilage |
| What cartilage is shaped like a ring? | cricoid cartilage |
| What cartilage is a "lid" for the larynx? | Epiglottis |
| What cartilage is the vocal cord attachment? | arytenoid cartilage |
| Why is it important that the human trachea is reinforced with cartilaginous rings? | Reinforce the trachea walls to maintain its open passageway regardless of the pressure changes that occur during breathing. |
| Why is it important that the cartilaginous rings in the trachea are incomplete posteriorly? | Allows esophagus to expand anteriorly when a large food bolus is swallowed. |
| What is the function of the pleural fluid? | Produce lubricating serous fluid that causes them to adhere closely to one another, holding the lungs to the thoracic wall & allowing them to move easily against one another during the movements of breathing. |
| Name two functions of the nasal conchae | It warms, moistens and filters the air that passes through the nasal cavity. |
| Which is longer? (refer to the main bronchi) | left main bronchus |
| Which is larger in diameter? (refer to main bronchi) | right main bronchus |
| Which is more horizontal? (refer to main bronchi) | left main bronchus |
| Whic more commonly traps a foreign object that has entered the respiratory passageways? (refer to main bronchi) | R main bronchus |
| trachea | connects the larynx to the min bronchi |
| esophagus | food passageway posterior to the trachea |
| epiglottis | covers the glottis during swallowing of food |
| larynx | contains the vocal cords |
| phrenic nerve | nerve that activates the diaphragm during inspiration |
| parietal pleura | pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax |
| alveolus | site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood |
| pharyngotympanic tube | connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx |
| glottis | contains opening between the vocal folds |
| conchae | increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity |
| What portions of the respiratory system are referred to as anatomical dead space? | All respiratory passageways (conducting zone structures), besides respiratory zone structures, from nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles |
| Why are the respiratory passageways referred to as anatomical dead space? | They have no exchange functioin |
| external respiration | The gas between the blood and the air filled chambers of the lungs (oxygen loading/carbon dioxide unloading) |
| internal respiration | Exchange of gases between systemic blood and tissue cells (oxygen unloading and carbon dioxide loading) |
Created by:
pkts68