must know!! polyatomics, solubitliy rules, oxidation numbers, etc
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| OH- | Hydroxide
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| CN- | Cyanide
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| NO3- | Nitrate
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| NO2- | Nitrite
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| MnO4- | Permanganete
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| ClO3- | Chlorate
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| ClO4- | Perchlorate
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| CH3COO- | Acetate
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| (SO4)2- | Sulfate
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| (SO3)2- | Sulfite
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| (CrO4)2- | Chromate
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| (CO3)2- | Carbonate
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| (PO4)3- | Phosphate
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| (NH4)+1 | Ammonium
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| What are the 5 strong bases? | LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(Oh)2, Ba(Oh)2
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| Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is a __ | strong base
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| Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) is a __ | strong base
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| Calcium Hydroxide - Ca(Oh)2 | strong base
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| Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) | strong base
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| Barium Hydroxide - Ba(Oh)2 | strong base
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| What are the 6 strong acids? | HCl, HI, HBr, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4
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| Which strong acid is HCl | Hydrochloric Acid
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| Which strong acid is HBr | Hydrobromic Acid
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| Which strong acid is HI | Hydroiodic Acid
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| Which strong acid is H2SO4 | Sulfuric Acid
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| Which strong acid is HNO3 | Nitric Acid
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| Which strong acid is HClO4 | Perchloric Acid
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| What elements are always soluble? | Group 1A cations
Perchlorates (ClO4)-
Nitrates (NO3)-
Acetates (Ch3COO)-
Ammonium (NH4)+
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| Chlorides (Cl-), Bromides (Br-) & Iodides (I-) are always soluble EXCEPT when paired with: | Mercury (Hg), Silver (Ag), Lead (Pb)
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| Sulfates (SO4)2- are always soluble EXCEPT when paired with: | Silver (Ag)
Mercury (Hg)
Lead (Pb)
Calcium (Ca)
Barium (Ba)
Strontium (Sr)
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| Phosphates and Carbonates are always INsoluble EXCEPT when paired with: | Group 1 cations and NH4+
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| Hydroxides (OH-) & Sulfites (SO3 2-) are always INsoluble EXCEPT when paired with: | Group 1 cations
NH4+
Strontium (Sr)
Barium (Ba)
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| What is the order you assign oxidation numbers? | 1. Single elemental atoms
2. Ions (including polyatomics)
3. Fluorine
4. Alkali Metals
5. Alkaline Earth Metals
6. Hydrogen
7. Oxygen
8. Alumnium
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| What is the oxidation number of Single elemental atoms? | 0
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| What is the oxidation number of Ions? | Charge of that ion
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| What is the oxidation number of Alkali metals? | +1
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| What is the oxidation number of Alkaline earth metals? | +2
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| What is the oxidation number of Fluorine? | -1
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| What is the oxidation number of Hydrogen? | +1
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| What is the oxidation number of Oxygen? | -2
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| What is the oxidation number of Alumnium? | +1
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| When does Hydrogen not have +1 charge? | When with a nonmetal (-1)
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| Atm measures.. | pressure
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| 1 atm = | 760mmHg
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| The pressure of gas can be increased by: | increasing temperature of gas
&
increasing amount of gas in a container (or changing size of container)
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| The Ideal Gas Law: | PV=nRT
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| What is STP? | Standard Temperature Pressure (273K) , (1atm)
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| Oxidation is the ___ of electrons | loss
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| Reduction is the __ of electrons | gain
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| If you've been oxidized, you are the ___ agent | reducing
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| If you've been reduced, you are the ___ agent | oxidizing
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| When you lose electrons this is the on the ___ side | product
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| When you gain electrons, this is on the ___ side | reactant
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| The ___ is the charge assigned to each atom in the redox reaction | oxidation number
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| A ___ reaction is the transfer of electrons. One species is oxidized, another is reduced | redox
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| When you lose electrons, the charge becomes more __ | positive
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| When you gain electrons, the charge becomes more ___ | negative
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| What kind of reaction is this? Acid+base --->salt + H2O. | Acid-Base
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| Salt(aq) + Salt(aq) ---> new salt(aq) + new salt (s) | Precipitation
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| In a precipitation reaction, one of the products MUST be: | insouluble
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| In a redox reaction, the | oxidation numbers of elements change
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| A combustion reaction is any reaction where ___ | carbon dioxide and water forms
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| Precipitate means __ | solution does not break up (insoluble)
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| Partial pressure is | (mole fraction)(total pressure)
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| Total pressure is just the ___ | partial pressures added together
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| Mole fraction: | moles of gas/total moles
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| The higher the molar mass, the ___ the effusion rate | lower
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| Density increases as molar mass ___ | increase
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| Lower the molar mass, the ___ the speed | faster
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| time is directly proprtional to : | molar mass
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| Boyles Law states: | when volume goes up, pressure goes down and vice versa.
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| In Boyles Law, at constant temperature volume and pressure are __ | inversely proprtional
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| Charles Law states that at constant temperature: | volume and temperature are directly proportional (V=T)
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| Avogadro;s Law states: | if my volume is increasing, its because my moles is increasing
V=n
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| We use effusion: | when comparing speed/velocity of multiple gases
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| Effusion is a.k.a. | speed
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| The less you weigh, the ___ you move | faster
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| 3 assumptions for kinetic molecular theory: | 1. must be very small compared to total volume
2.average kinetic energy is influenced by the temperature
3.must be completely elastic
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| What does it mean to be elastic? | Gas particles bounce off ot other gas particles, they do not stick
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| When you lose electrons you are becoming more __ | positive
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| When you gain electrons, you are becoming more __ | negative
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| When you go through oxidation, you are the __ | reducing agent
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| When you go through reduction, you are the __ | oxidizing agent
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