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Essentials - Unit 2
must know!! polyatomics, solubitliy rules, oxidation numbers, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| OH- | Hydroxide |
| CN- | Cyanide |
| NO3- | Nitrate |
| NO2- | Nitrite |
| MnO4- | Permanganete |
| ClO3- | Chlorate |
| ClO4- | Perchlorate |
| CH3COO- | Acetate |
| (SO4)2- | Sulfate |
| (SO3)2- | Sulfite |
| (CrO4)2- | Chromate |
| (CO3)2- | Carbonate |
| (PO4)3- | Phosphate |
| (NH4)+1 | Ammonium |
| What are the 5 strong bases? | LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(Oh)2, Ba(Oh)2 |
| Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is a __ | strong base |
| Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) is a __ | strong base |
| Calcium Hydroxide - Ca(Oh)2 | strong base |
| Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) | strong base |
| Barium Hydroxide - Ba(Oh)2 | strong base |
| What are the 6 strong acids? | HCl, HI, HBr, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4 |
| Which strong acid is HCl | Hydrochloric Acid |
| Which strong acid is HBr | Hydrobromic Acid |
| Which strong acid is HI | Hydroiodic Acid |
| Which strong acid is H2SO4 | Sulfuric Acid |
| Which strong acid is HNO3 | Nitric Acid |
| Which strong acid is HClO4 | Perchloric Acid |
| What elements are always soluble? | Group 1A cations Perchlorates (ClO4)- Nitrates (NO3)- Acetates (Ch3COO)- Ammonium (NH4)+ |
| Chlorides (Cl-), Bromides (Br-) & Iodides (I-) are always soluble EXCEPT when paired with: | Mercury (Hg), Silver (Ag), Lead (Pb) |
| Sulfates (SO4)2- are always soluble EXCEPT when paired with: | Silver (Ag) Mercury (Hg) Lead (Pb) Calcium (Ca) Barium (Ba) Strontium (Sr) |
| Phosphates and Carbonates are always INsoluble EXCEPT when paired with: | Group 1 cations and NH4+ |
| Hydroxides (OH-) & Sulfites (SO3 2-) are always INsoluble EXCEPT when paired with: | Group 1 cations NH4+ Strontium (Sr) Barium (Ba) |
| What is the order you assign oxidation numbers? | 1. Single elemental atoms 2. Ions (including polyatomics) 3. Fluorine 4. Alkali Metals 5. Alkaline Earth Metals 6. Hydrogen 7. Oxygen 8. Alumnium |
| What is the oxidation number of Single elemental atoms? | 0 |
| What is the oxidation number of Ions? | Charge of that ion |
| What is the oxidation number of Alkali metals? | +1 |
| What is the oxidation number of Alkaline earth metals? | +2 |
| What is the oxidation number of Fluorine? | -1 |
| What is the oxidation number of Hydrogen? | +1 |
| What is the oxidation number of Oxygen? | -2 |
| What is the oxidation number of Alumnium? | +1 |
| When does Hydrogen not have +1 charge? | When with a nonmetal (-1) |
| Atm measures.. | pressure |
| 1 atm = | 760mmHg |
| The pressure of gas can be increased by: | increasing temperature of gas & increasing amount of gas in a container (or changing size of container) |
| The Ideal Gas Law: | PV=nRT |
| What is STP? | Standard Temperature Pressure (273K) , (1atm) |
| Oxidation is the ___ of electrons | loss |
| Reduction is the __ of electrons | gain |
| If you've been oxidized, you are the ___ agent | reducing |
| If you've been reduced, you are the ___ agent | oxidizing |
| When you lose electrons this is the on the ___ side | product |
| When you gain electrons, this is on the ___ side | reactant |
| The ___ is the charge assigned to each atom in the redox reaction | oxidation number |
| A ___ reaction is the transfer of electrons. One species is oxidized, another is reduced | redox |
| When you lose electrons, the charge becomes more __ | positive |
| When you gain electrons, the charge becomes more ___ | negative |
| What kind of reaction is this? Acid+base --->salt + H2O. | Acid-Base |
| Salt(aq) + Salt(aq) ---> new salt(aq) + new salt (s) | Precipitation |
| In a precipitation reaction, one of the products MUST be: | insouluble |
| In a redox reaction, the | oxidation numbers of elements change |
| A combustion reaction is any reaction where ___ | carbon dioxide and water forms |
| Precipitate means __ | solution does not break up (insoluble) |
| Partial pressure is | (mole fraction)(total pressure) |
| Total pressure is just the ___ | partial pressures added together |
| Mole fraction: | moles of gas/total moles |
| The higher the molar mass, the ___ the effusion rate | lower |
| Density increases as molar mass ___ | increase |
| Lower the molar mass, the ___ the speed | faster |
| time is directly proprtional to : | molar mass |
| Boyles Law states: | when volume goes up, pressure goes down and vice versa. |
| In Boyles Law, at constant temperature volume and pressure are __ | inversely proprtional |
| Charles Law states that at constant temperature: | volume and temperature are directly proportional (V=T) |
| Avogadro;s Law states: | if my volume is increasing, its because my moles is increasing V=n |
| We use effusion: | when comparing speed/velocity of multiple gases |
| Effusion is a.k.a. | speed |
| The less you weigh, the ___ you move | faster |
| 3 assumptions for kinetic molecular theory: | 1. must be very small compared to total volume 2.average kinetic energy is influenced by the temperature 3.must be completely elastic |
| What does it mean to be elastic? | Gas particles bounce off ot other gas particles, they do not stick |
| When you lose electrons you are becoming more __ | positive |
| When you gain electrons, you are becoming more __ | negative |
| When you go through oxidation, you are the __ | reducing agent |
| When you go through reduction, you are the __ | oxidizing agent |
Created by:
Mariahj25
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