plant clades
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| clade plantae includes what 4 groups | unicellular groups, red algae, green plants and land plants
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| what is the synapomorphie for plantae | chloroplasts obtained by primary endosymbiosis
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| what is the synapomorphies for green plants | 1. chlorophyll b; starch storage
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| what are the synapomorphies for land plants (5) | protected embryo; cuticle; multicellular sporophyte; gametangia; thick-walled spores
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| ______ ________ are the sister taxa to land plants | green algae
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| are green algae monophyletic | no
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| sister to the rest of plants | glaucophytes
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| what do all glaucophytes share | peptidoglycan between inner and outer membrane
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| what ties together all red algae | use red as a photosynthetic pigment; aquatic (marine and fresh)
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| largest clade of "green algae" (green algae are not monophyletic) | chlorophytes
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| sister to streptophytes | chlorophytes
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| how are chlorophytes found | multicellular, unicellular, colonial
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| clade that contains land plants and a few green algae | streptophytes
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| what are the clades of land plants in short | non=vascular plants; vascular plants - weed plants
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| what synapomorphy do all land plants have except liverworts | stomata
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| what do all non-vascular land plants have a synapomorphy | stomata
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| what synapomorphy do all vascular plants share | tracheids (vascular cellls); branching independent sporophyte; rooting structures
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| what is the synapomorphy of all seed plants | seeds
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| what is the synapomorphy of all angiosperms | flowers; double fertilization
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| what taxa are apart of the "non vascular plants" | liverworts, mosses, hornworts
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| no vascular tissue or tracheas; gametophyte dominant; rhizoids; stomata - mosses and hornworts | nonvascular plants
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| vascular tissue, small gametophyte | vascular plants - club moss, fern, and seed plants clades
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| what do gymnosperm and angisperm clades have in common | pollen and seeds
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| gymnosperms are also called _________ ________ plants because of early ________ and __________ | naked seed; seeds and pollen
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| angiosperms are also called ______ _______ clade | flowering plant
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| fruits and flowers; double fertilization | angiosperms
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