Junior Cert
Help!
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| Heat | Heat is a form of energy.
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| Heat Units | It is measured in Joules.
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| Heat Travel from..? | Heat moves from hot areas to colder areas.
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| Conduction | Conduction is the transfer of heat through a solid from particle to particle. Heat moves but particles don't.
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| Convection | Convection is the transfer of heat through a liquid or gas. Molecules of the liquid or gas move upwards and carry the heat.
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| Radiation | Radiation is the transfer of heat by rays without needing a medium to pass through.
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| Insulator | Poor conductors.
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| Conduction Experiment | Different Solid metal and non-metal Bars (horizontal - one end in boiling water), Pin and wax.
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| Convection Experiment | Potassium Permanganate Crystals in water in a beaker. Lighted Candle under crystal.
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| Expansion and Contraction | Solids, liquids and gases all expand when heated and contract when cooled
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| Bimetallic Strip | A bimetallic strip consists of two metals (e.g.Copper and Iron) fused together which expand a different amount when heated. This causes the strip to bend when heated. They are used in thermostats, e.g. the thermostat in a smoke alarm.
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| Water's Strange Property | Water is at its most dense at 4 degrees Celsius. When cooled below or heated above 4 degrees, it begins to expand.
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| Experiment: Expansion Contraction of Solids | Ball and Ring. Ball expands when heated (doesn't fit through ring) and contracts when cooled.(passes through ring)
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| Experiment: Expansion Contraction of Liquids | Round bottomed Flask with straw completely full. Level rises when heated.
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| Experiment: Expansion Contraction of gases | Empty Round bottomed flask with straw. Straw placed in water. Bubbles with expansion. Water sucked up straw when cooled.
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| Temperature | Temperature is a measurement of heat.
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| Units of Temperature | Temperature is measured using a thermometer. It is measured in degrees Celsius.
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| Freezing and Boiling points of Water. | Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
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| Amount of Heat Energy. | The amount of heat in a substance depends on the substance, its temperature and it’s mass.
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| Latent Heat. | Heat that cause a change in state but not a change in temperature e.g. when ice melts with no rise in temperature.
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| Effect of Increased Air Pressure on the Boiling Point of Water | Raises the Boiling Point above 100 degrees Celcius
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| Effect of lowering the Air Pressure on the Boiling Point of Water | Decreases the Boiling Point above 100 degrees Celcius
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| Effect of Dark Coloured Cans on heat transfer by radiation | Lose heat rapidly
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| Effect of Light (silver) Coloured Cans on heat transfer by radiation | Lose heat slowly
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| Poor Conductors | Polystyrene, Dry Air, Water, All are good insulators
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| Poor Insulators | Metals. All are good conductors
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| Heat travels in 3 ways | Conduction, Convection & Radiation
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| To Investigate Conduction and Convection in Water Experiment | Test tube with water, ice and a coin to weigh it down. Boil the water at the mouth of the tube with a bunsen burner while ice stays at bottom
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| To Show Transfer of Heat by Radiation | Two cans - one shiny outer surface & one dull black outer surface both filled with boiling water. Thermometers in each show a drop in temp with the black can losing heat faster.
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| Cooling Curve | A graph showing how temperature changes over time as a substance cools.
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| Latent Heat of Fusion | When heat changes a solid to a liquid with NO temperature change
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| Latent Heat of Vapourisation | When heat changes a liquid into a gas with NO change in temperature
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| How to show Water expands when cooled below 4 degrees celsius | Place a glass bottle (with a tightly fitting lid) filled to the top with water in a freezer overnight. It shatters due to the water expanding as it turns to ice
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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