skin and tissues
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| An organ consists of | two or more tissues grouped together that function together
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| The human integumentary system includes | skin, nails, hair follicles, and glands.
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| In the inherited disease ichythyosis, the skin is rough, brown, and very scaly because the uppermost layer cannot peel off as easily as it normally does. The part of the skin that is affected is the | epidermis
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| As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, | they die
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| The dermis is composed largely of | dense irregular connective tissue.
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| Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with | muscles, glands, and sensory receptors.
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| Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin? | The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis.
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| In a condition called incontinentia pigmenti, the skin has deep dark splotches, due to melanin that seeps down into the dermis. Normally, melanin is confined to the | epidermis
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| The skin appears yellowish if a person eats too much | carotene
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| Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of | melanin
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| The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the | stratum basale
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| What determines the color of skin? | The amount of melanin that melanocytes produce.
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| The subcutaneous layer of skin consists of | areolar and adipose tissue.
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| Blood vessels in the ___________ supply epidermal cells with nutrients. | dermis
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| Skin cells play an important role in producing | vitamin D
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| The melanocytes in very dark skin | contain single, large, pigment granules.
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| The functions of skin include. | regulating body temperature.
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| Epidermis is ________________, whereas dermis is ________________. | composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve cell processes
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| The subcutaneous layer is | not part of the skin
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| The nerve fibers in the dermis stimulate | muscles and glands in the dermis
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| The major blood vessels that supply the skin are in the | subcutaneous layer.
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| You step out of the shower and vigorously rub your skin with a towel. If you were able to analyze the towel, you would find skin cells. They are most likely | keratinized epidermal cells.
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| In areas of the skin where the epidermis is thin, the ________ may be absent. | stratum lucidum
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| Which is the most likely explanation for the defect in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, in which the skin blisters with any touch? | collagen fibrils that attach the epidermis to the dermis break down.
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| The epidermis | A. retains water in deeper skin layers
B. keeps out harmful chemicals and pathogens.
C. protects the skin against mechanical injury.
D. loses some cells every day.
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| Corns are | keratinized conical masses on toes.
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| The epidermis is about ___ mm thick and the dermis is about ___ mm thick. | 12; 1 to 2
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| Reddened skin reflects | dilated blood vessels sending more blood to the dermis.
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| Accessory structures of the skin originate from the | epidermis
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| The nail plate is produced by | specialized epithelial cells.
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| A nail consists of a | nail bed and nail plate.
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| The hardness of a nail comes from | keratin
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| Shafts of hair are composed of | dead epidermal cells.
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| Eumelanin and pheomelanin are | brownish-black and reddish-yellow pigments, respectively.
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| After a severe burn, new skin may grow outwards from the hair follicles. New growth begins here because | a hair follicle contains stem cells in the bulge region.
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| Gray hair is | a mixture of pigmented and unpigmented hairs
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| The arrector pili muscle is attached to | a hair follicle.
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| Sebaceous glands secrete | fat globules that mix with cellular debris, forming sebum.
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| Eccrine sweat glands | respond primarily to elevated body temperature.
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| Apocrine sweat glands are most abundant on or in the | axilla
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| Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands | A. in type of secretion.
B. in their location.
C. in whether or not they are associated with hair follicles.
D. in the stimulus that triggers their secretion.
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| Milk and ear wax | are secreted from modified sweat glands.
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| Body heat is lost primarily by | radiation
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| Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment? | Dermal blood vessels constrict.
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| Sweat cools the body by | evaporation
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| A warm surface loses heat to the air molecules continuously circulating over it by | convection
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| A person exercising vigorously on a hot, humid day may develop | A. fatigue and dizziness.
B. heat exhaustion.
C. headache, muscle cramps,
D. dizziness.and nausea.
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| Hypothermia is | a lowered body temp.
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| Individuals at elevated risk for hypothermia include | A. homeless people exposed to the outdoors.
B. the very old.
C. very thin people.
D. the very young.
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| The skin dissipates excess body heat by | A. dilating dermal blood vessels.
B. activating eccrine sweat glands.
C. radiation
D. conduction
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| Inflammation makes skin | red, swollen and painful to touch.
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| Inflammation is | normal response to injury
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| Which of the following happens first after a scab forms? | fibroblasts from the wound edge form new collagenous fibers.
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| The granulations that appear during the healing of a large, open wound are composed mainly of | fibroblasts surrounding blood vessels..
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| A burn affecting only the epidermis is a | superficial partial-thickness burn.
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| An autograft covers an injured area of skin with | skin from an uninjured region of the patient's body.
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| A woman undergoes coronary bypass surgery, in which a blood vessel from her leg is moved to her heart, where it supplements the blood supply following a heart attack. This procedure is a(n) | autograft
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| A man donates part of his liver to his daughter, who suffers from cystic fibrosis. This procedure is a(n) | allograft
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| A man who has a heart valve from a pig has a(n) | xenograft
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| In treating a burn patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate the | surface area of the burn
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| As a person ages, the skin typically becomes. | different color
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| Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperatures because | the number of sweat glands diminishes.
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| Skin wrinkles with age because | fat is lost from the subcutaneous layer and the dermis shrinks
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| The advantage of cryo-electron tomography is that it | preserves intercellular junctions.
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| The flexible proteins that link the cell membranes of squamous epithelial cells in skin are | cadherins
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| Cutaneous melanomas are associated with | short exposure to high-intensity sunlight.
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| Skin cancer is most likely to develop from | nonpigmented epithelial cells.
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| Cutaneous carcinomas are usually caused by exposure to | ultraviolet light
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| We enjoy sunbathing because it stimulates keratinocytes to release | a beta endorphin
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| Which person is at highest risk of developing a cutaneous carcinoma? | a light-complexioned man age 52 who goes to the beach on summer weekends and does not use sunblock because he likes to be tan.
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| Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing | skin cancer
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| A future treatment for baldness may potentially be | stem cells from the bulge region at the base of hair follicles.
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| Acne is a disorder of the | sebaceous glands.
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| Fever is | a special case of hyperthermia in which body temperature rises in response to an elevated set point, typically in response to infection.
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