Motivation - AP Psychology, Chapter 12
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| Motivation | A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
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| Instinct | A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
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| Drive reduction theory | The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
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| Homeostasis | A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
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| Incentive | A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
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| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | Maslow's pyramid of human needs, starting with physiological needs that must be met before safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs become active
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| Set point | The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set - when body fat falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and lowered metabolic rate may restore the lost weight
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| Basil metabolic rate | The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
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| Industrial organizational psychology | The study of how individual behavior is affected by the work environment, coworkers, and organizational practices
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| Task leadership | Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
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| Social leadership | Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers insight
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| Anorexia | An eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet still feels fat
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| Bulimia | An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessively exercising
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| Estrogen | A sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by females - levels peak at ovulation
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| Testosterone | The most important of the male sex hormones - stimulates the growth of male sex organs in the fetus and the development of male sex characteristics during puberty
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| Refractory period | The resting period after orgasm during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
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