Key Terms
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Adware | A software program that delivers advertising content in a manner that is unexpected and unwanted by the user.
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| Armored virus | A virus that goes to great lengths in order to avoid detection.
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| Backdoor | Software code that gives access to a program or a service that circumvents
normal security protections.
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| Bot herder | An attacker who controls a botnet.
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| Command and control | The structure by which a bot herder gives instructions to zombies in a botnet.
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| Computer virus | Malicious computer code that, like its biological counterpart, reproduces itself on the same computer.
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| Dumpster diving | The act of digging through trash receptacles to find information that can be useful in an attack.
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| Hoax | A false warning designed to trick users into changing security settings on their computer.
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| Impersonation | A social engineering attack that involves masquerading as a real or fictitious character and then playing out the role of that person on a victim.
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| Key logger | Software or a hardware device that captures and stores each keystroke that a user types on the computer’s keyboard.
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| Logic bomb | Computer code that lies dormant until it is triggered by a specific logical event.
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| Macro | A series of instructions that can be grouped together as a single command, often
used to automate a complex set of tasks or a repeated series of tasks.
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| Malware | Software that enters a computer system without the user’s knowledge or consent
and then performs an unwanted and usually harmful action.
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| Metamorphic malware | Malware that rewrites its own code and thus appears different each time it is executed.
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| Oligomorphic malware | Malware that changes its internal code to one of a set number of predefined mutations whenever it is executed.
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| Pharming | A phishing attack that automatically redirects the user to a fake site.
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| Phishing | Sending an email or displaying a web announcement that falsely claims to be from a legitimate enterprise in an attempt to trick the user into surrendering private information.
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| Polymorphic malware | Malware code that completely changes from its original form whenever it is executed.
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| Program virus | A computer virus that infects executable program files.
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| Ransomware | Malware that prevents a user’s device from properly operating until a fee
is paid.
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| Rootlet | A set of software tools used by an attacker to hide the actions or presence of other types of malicious software.
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| Shoulder surfing | Watching an authorized user enter a security code on a keypad.
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| Social engineering | A means of gathering information for an attack by relying on the
weaknesses of individuals.
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| Spam | Unsolicited email.
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| Spear phishing | A phishing attack that targets only specific users.
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| Slim | A variation of spam, which targets instant messaging users instead of email users.
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| Spyware | A general term used to describe software that spies on users by gathering information without consent.
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| Tailgating | When an unauthorized individual enters a restricted-access building by following an authorized user.
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| Trojan horse | An executable program that is advertised as performing one activity but which actually performs a malicious activity.
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| Typo squatting | Redirecting a user to a fictitious website based on a misspelling of the URL. Also called URL hijacking.
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| URL hijacking | Redirecting a user to a fictitious website based on a misspelling of the URL. Also called typo squatting.
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| Wishing | A phishing attack uses telephone calls instead of emails.
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| Watering hole attack | A malicious attack that is directed toward a small group of specific
individuals who visit the same website.
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| Whaling | A phishing attack that targets only wealthy individuals.
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| Worm | A malicious program designed to enter a computer via a network to take advantage of a vulnerability in an application or an operating system.
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| Zombie | An infected computer that is under the remote control of another attacker.
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