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Brett Security Ch. 2
Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adware | A software program that delivers advertising content in a manner that is unexpected and unwanted by the user. |
| Armored virus | A virus that goes to great lengths in order to avoid detection. |
| Backdoor | Software code that gives access to a program or a service that circumvents normal security protections. |
| Bot herder | An attacker who controls a botnet. |
| Command and control | The structure by which a bot herder gives instructions to zombies in a botnet. |
| Computer virus | Malicious computer code that, like its biological counterpart, reproduces itself on the same computer. |
| Dumpster diving | The act of digging through trash receptacles to find information that can be useful in an attack. |
| Hoax | A false warning designed to trick users into changing security settings on their computer. |
| Impersonation | A social engineering attack that involves masquerading as a real or fictitious character and then playing out the role of that person on a victim. |
| Key logger | Software or a hardware device that captures and stores each keystroke that a user types on the computer’s keyboard. |
| Logic bomb | Computer code that lies dormant until it is triggered by a specific logical event. |
| Macro | A series of instructions that can be grouped together as a single command, often used to automate a complex set of tasks or a repeated series of tasks. |
| Malware | Software that enters a computer system without the user’s knowledge or consent and then performs an unwanted and usually harmful action. |
| Metamorphic malware | Malware that rewrites its own code and thus appears different each time it is executed. |
| Oligomorphic malware | Malware that changes its internal code to one of a set number of predefined mutations whenever it is executed. |
| Pharming | A phishing attack that automatically redirects the user to a fake site. |
| Phishing | Sending an email or displaying a web announcement that falsely claims to be from a legitimate enterprise in an attempt to trick the user into surrendering private information. |
| Polymorphic malware | Malware code that completely changes from its original form whenever it is executed. |
| Program virus | A computer virus that infects executable program files. |
| Ransomware | Malware that prevents a user’s device from properly operating until a fee is paid. |
| Rootlet | A set of software tools used by an attacker to hide the actions or presence of other types of malicious software. |
| Shoulder surfing | Watching an authorized user enter a security code on a keypad. |
| Social engineering | A means of gathering information for an attack by relying on the weaknesses of individuals. |
| Spam | Unsolicited email. |
| Spear phishing | A phishing attack that targets only specific users. |
| Slim | A variation of spam, which targets instant messaging users instead of email users. |
| Spyware | A general term used to describe software that spies on users by gathering information without consent. |
| Tailgating | When an unauthorized individual enters a restricted-access building by following an authorized user. |
| Trojan horse | An executable program that is advertised as performing one activity but which actually performs a malicious activity. |
| Typo squatting | Redirecting a user to a fictitious website based on a misspelling of the URL. Also called URL hijacking. |
| URL hijacking | Redirecting a user to a fictitious website based on a misspelling of the URL. Also called typo squatting. |
| Wishing | A phishing attack uses telephone calls instead of emails. |
| Watering hole attack | A malicious attack that is directed toward a small group of specific individuals who visit the same website. |
| Whaling | A phishing attack that targets only wealthy individuals. |
| Worm | A malicious program designed to enter a computer via a network to take advantage of a vulnerability in an application or an operating system. |
| Zombie | An infected computer that is under the remote control of another attacker. |
Created by:
BWallace9311
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