chapter 2 terms and definitions
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| adware | a software program that delivers advertising content in a manner that is unexpected and unwanted by the user
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| armored virus | virus that goes to great lengths in order to avoid dectection
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| backdoor | software code that gives access to a program or a service that circumvents normal security protections
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| bot herder | an attacker that controls a botnet
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| botnet | logical computer network of zombies under the control of an attacker
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| command and control | the structure by which a bot herder gives instructions to zombies of a botnet
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| computer virus | malicious computer code
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| dumpster diving | the act of digging through trash receptacles to find information that can be useful in an attack
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| hoax | false warning designed to trick users into changing settings on their computer
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| impersonation | social engineering attack that involves masquerading as a real or fictitious character then playing out that role on a victim
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| keylogger | software or hardware device that captures and stores each keystroke that a user types on the computer keyboard
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| logic bomb | computer code that lies dormant until it is triggered by a specific logical event
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| macro | series of instructions that can be grouped together as a single command
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| macro virus | virus that is written in a script known as a macro
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| malware | software that enters a computer system without the user's knowledge or consent and then performs an unwanted and usually harmful action
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| metamorphic malware | malware that rewrites its own code and thus appears different each time it is executed
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| oligomorphic malware | malware that changes its internal code to one of a set of numbers of predefined mutations whenever its executed
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| pharming | phishing attack that automatically redirects a user to a fake site
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| phishing | sending an email or displaying a web announcement that falsely claims to be legit in an attempt to trick the user into surrendering private information
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| polymorphic malware | malware code that completely changes from its original state whenever it is executed
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| program virus | virus that infects executable program files
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| ransomware | malware that prevents a user's device from proprly operating until a fee is paid
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| rootkit | set of software tools used by an attacker to hide the actions or presence of other types of vicious software
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| shoulder surfing | watching an authorized user enter a security code on a keypad
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| social engineering | means of gathering information for an attack by relying on the weakness of individuals
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| spam | unsolicited email
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| spear phishing | phishing attack that targets only specific users
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| spim | variation of spam, which targets instant messaging users instead of emailing users
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| spyware | general term for software that spies on users by gathering information without consent.
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| tailgating | when an authorized individual enters a restricted area by following an authorized user
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| trojan horse | executable program that is advertised as performing one action but which actually performs a malicious activity
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| typo squatting | redirecting a user to a fictitious site based on a misspelling of the URL
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| URL hijacking | same as typo squatting
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| vishing | phishing attack that uses telephone
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| watering hole attack | malicious attack that is directed towards a small group of individuals who visit the same site
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| whaling | phishing attack that targets only wealthy individuals
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| worm | malicious program designed to enter a computer via a network to take advantage of a vulnerability in an application or an operating system
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| zombie | infected computer that is under the remote control of an attacker
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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