Vocabulary Carbon Chemistry
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| Diamond | a form of the element carbon; it is the hardest mineral crystal on Earth
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| Graphite | a form of the element carbon in which carbon atoms form flat layers
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| Fullerene | a form of the element carbon that consists of carbon atoms arranged in a repeating pattern
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| Organic compound | most compounds that contain carbon
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| Hydrocarbon | an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen
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| Molecular Formula | a combination of chemical symbols that represent the elements in each molecule of a compound
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| Subscript | a number in a formula written in lower and smaller than the symbol to indicate the number of atoms of an element in a molecule
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| Structural formula | a description of a molecule that shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms
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| Isomer | one of a number of compounds that have the same molecule formula but different structures
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| Saturated hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds
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| Unsaturated hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which one or more of the binds between carbon atoms is double or triple
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| Substituted hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrocarbon atoms have been replaced by atoms of other elements
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| Hydroxyl group | An -OH group, found in alcohols
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| Alcohol | a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups
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| Organic acid | a substituted hydrocarbon with one or more of the -COOH group of atoms
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| Carboxyl group | A -COOH group, found in organic acids
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| Ester | an organic compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid
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| Polymer | a large molecule in the form of a chain in which many smaller molecules are bonded together
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| Monomer | one molecule that makes up the link in a polymer
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| Synthetic | a material that is not formed naturally but is manufactured
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| Nutrient | a substance that provides energy or raw materials for the body to grow, repair worn parts, or function properly
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| Digestion | the process of breaking polymers into monomers by means of a chemical change
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| Carbohydrate | an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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| Glucose | a sugar found in the body; the monomer of many complex carbohydrates
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| Complex carbohydrate | a long chain, or polymer, of simple carbohydrates
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| Starch | a complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy
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| Cellulose | a complex carbohydrate found in plant structures
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| Protein | an organic compound that is a polymer of amino acids
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| Amino acid | one of 20 kinds of organic compounds that are the monomers of proteins
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| Lipid | an energy-rich polymer made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen; examples: fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol
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| Fatty acid | an organic compound that is a monomer of a fat or oil
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| Cholesterol | a waxy lipid found in all animal cells
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| Nucleic acid | a very large organic compound made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous. Examples: DNA and RNA
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| DNA | Deoxyribro Nucleic Acid
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| RNA | Ribo Nucleic Acid
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| Nucleotide | an organic that is one of the monomers of nucleic acids
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| Vitamin | an organic compound that serves as a helper molecule in a variety of chemical reactions in the body
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| Mineral | a simple element needed by the body, that is not orgainic
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