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Science Chapter 4
Vocabulary Carbon Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diamond | a form of the element carbon; it is the hardest mineral crystal on Earth |
| Graphite | a form of the element carbon in which carbon atoms form flat layers |
| Fullerene | a form of the element carbon that consists of carbon atoms arranged in a repeating pattern |
| Organic compound | most compounds that contain carbon |
| Hydrocarbon | an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen |
| Molecular Formula | a combination of chemical symbols that represent the elements in each molecule of a compound |
| Subscript | a number in a formula written in lower and smaller than the symbol to indicate the number of atoms of an element in a molecule |
| Structural formula | a description of a molecule that shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms |
| Isomer | one of a number of compounds that have the same molecule formula but different structures |
| Saturated hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds |
| Unsaturated hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which one or more of the binds between carbon atoms is double or triple |
| Substituted hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrocarbon atoms have been replaced by atoms of other elements |
| Hydroxyl group | An -OH group, found in alcohols |
| Alcohol | a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups |
| Organic acid | a substituted hydrocarbon with one or more of the -COOH group of atoms |
| Carboxyl group | A -COOH group, found in organic acids |
| Ester | an organic compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid |
| Polymer | a large molecule in the form of a chain in which many smaller molecules are bonded together |
| Monomer | one molecule that makes up the link in a polymer |
| Synthetic | a material that is not formed naturally but is manufactured |
| Nutrient | a substance that provides energy or raw materials for the body to grow, repair worn parts, or function properly |
| Digestion | the process of breaking polymers into monomers by means of a chemical change |
| Carbohydrate | an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Glucose | a sugar found in the body; the monomer of many complex carbohydrates |
| Complex carbohydrate | a long chain, or polymer, of simple carbohydrates |
| Starch | a complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy |
| Cellulose | a complex carbohydrate found in plant structures |
| Protein | an organic compound that is a polymer of amino acids |
| Amino acid | one of 20 kinds of organic compounds that are the monomers of proteins |
| Lipid | an energy-rich polymer made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen; examples: fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol |
| Fatty acid | an organic compound that is a monomer of a fat or oil |
| Cholesterol | a waxy lipid found in all animal cells |
| Nucleic acid | a very large organic compound made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous. Examples: DNA and RNA |
| DNA | Deoxyribro Nucleic Acid |
| RNA | Ribo Nucleic Acid |
| Nucleotide | an organic that is one of the monomers of nucleic acids |
| Vitamin | an organic compound that serves as a helper molecule in a variety of chemical reactions in the body |
| Mineral | a simple element needed by the body, that is not orgainic |
Created by:
Joes2016
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