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Vocabulary

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Cordillera   A system or group of parallel mountain ranges together with the interviewing plateaus and other features, especially in the Andes or the Rockies  
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Spanish Conquest   the subjugation and assumption of control of a place or people by use of military force  
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Tenochtitlan   he capital of the Aztec empire: founded in 1325; destroyed by the Spaniards in 1521; now the site of Mexico City  
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Institutional Revolutionary Party   The political party introduced in 1929 in Mexico that helped to introduce democracy and maintain political stability for much of the 20th century  
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Altiplano   the high tableland of central South America  
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Mestizo   a man of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian  
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Cultural Hearth   any place where certain related changes in land-use appeared due to human domestication of plants and animals  
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United Provinces of Central America   A former federal republic in Central America  
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Escarpment   a long, steep slope, especially one at the edge of a plateau or separating areas of land at different heights  
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Calypso   a kind of West Indian *originally Trinidadian* music in syncopated African rhythm, typically with words improvised on a topical theme  
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Reggae   a style of popular music with a strongly accented subsidiary beat, originating in Jamaica  
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Informal Economy   activities and income that are partially or fully outside government regulation, taxation, and observation  
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Llanos   a treeless grassy plain  
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Inca   a South American hummingbird having mainly blackish or bronze-colored plumage with one or two white breast patches  
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Mercosur   a sub-regional bloc  
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Quechua   a member of an American Indian people of Peru and parts of Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador  
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Pampas   extensive, treeless plains in South America  
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Carnival   a period of public revelry at a regular time each year involving processions, music, dancing, and the use of masquerade  
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Samba   a Brazilian dance of African origin  
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Treaty of Tordesillas   agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered  
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Gaucho   a cowboy of the South American pampas  
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Capoeria   a system of physical discipline and movement originating among Brazilian slaves, treated as a martial art and dance form  
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Biodiversity   the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem  
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Debt-for-nature-swap   a transaction in which a foreign exchange debt owed by a developing country  
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Hydroelectric power   the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower  
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Deforestation   the clearing of trees, transforming a forest into cleared land  
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Oligarchy   a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution  
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Land Reform   a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution  
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Estuary   the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream  
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Caudillo   *in spanish speaking regions* a military or political leader  
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Junta   a military or political group that rules a country after taking power by force  
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Push Factor   forceful, and a factor which causes a person to migrate  
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Indigenous   originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native  
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Cerrado   a type of plains community characterized by vegetation ranging from tropical broadleaf woodlands to scrublands, occurring in extensive areas of Brazil  
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Terraced Farming   a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces for the purposes of more effective farming  
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Slash and Burn   of, relating to, or denoting a method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown  
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Dialect   a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group  
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Pull Factor   something that attracts people to go and live in a particular place  
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Infastructure   the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities *buildings, roads, and power supplies* needed for the operation of a society or enterprise  
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Maquiladora   a factory in Mexico run by a foreign company and exporting its products to the country of that company  
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NAFTA   an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico designed to remove tariff barriers between the three countries  
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