Ch. 12 Chemistry
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Chemistry | is the science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions
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| Organic Chemistry | is the study of substances that contain the element carbon
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| Inorganic Chemistry | is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
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| Matter | is any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).
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| Element | is the simplest form of chemical matter
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| Atoms | are the smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element
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| Molecule | is a chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions
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| Element Molecule | a molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element (in this case, oxygen) in definite ( fixed) proportions
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| Compound Molecules | are chemical combination of two of more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions
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| Physical Properties | are characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reactions and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance
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| Chemical Properties | are characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance
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| Physical Change | is a change in the form of physical properties of a substances without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance
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| Chemical Change | is a change in the chemical composition or make-up of substance
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| Oxidation - reduction | is a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen)
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| Oxidizing agent | is a substance that release oxygen
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| Reduction | is the process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to substance through a chemical
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| Reduction Reaction | chemical reaction
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| Exothermic Reaction | types of chemical reaction
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| Combustion | is the rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
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| Pure Substance | is a chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions
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| Physical mixture | is a physical combination of matter in any proportions
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| Solution | is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances
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| Solute | is the substance that is that dissolved into solution
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| Solvent | is the substance that dissolve the solute and make the solution
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| Miscible | liquids are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions
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| Immiscible | liquids are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions
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| Suspensions | are unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid
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| Emulsion | is an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not say blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier
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| Emulsifier | is an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend
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| Surfactants | are substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify
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| Lipophilic | having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
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| Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion | oil droplets are emulsified in water
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| Water-in-oil (O/W) emulsion | water droplets are emulsified in oil
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| Volatile alcohols | are those that evaporate easily, such as isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) and ethyl alcohol (hairspray and alcoholic beverage).
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| Alkanolamines | are alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products
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| Ammonia | is a colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen
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| Glycerin | is a sweet, colorless, oily substance
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| Silicones | are a special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers
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| pH | is often mentioned when talking about salon products, it is one of the least understood chemical properties
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| ion | is an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge
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| Ionization | is the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
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| Anion | an ion with a negative electrical charge
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| Cation | an ion with a positive electrical charge
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| pH scale | is a measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance
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| Acidic Solution | a pH of 7 is a neutral solution, a pH below 7 indicates
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| Alkaline Solution | a pH above 7 indicates
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| Logarithm | means multiples of 10
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| Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) | derived from plants (mostly fruit), are examples of acids often used in salons to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the pH of a lotion or cream
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| Alkalis | also known as bases, owe their chemical reactivity to the hydroxide ion
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Created by:
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