Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 12 Chemistry
| Term | Defintion |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | is the science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions |
| Organic Chemistry | is the study of substances that contain the element carbon |
| Inorganic Chemistry | is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen |
| Matter | is any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight). |
| Element | is the simplest form of chemical matter |
| Atoms | are the smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element |
| Molecule | is a chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions |
| Element Molecule | a molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element (in this case, oxygen) in definite ( fixed) proportions |
| Compound Molecules | are chemical combination of two of more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions |
| Physical Properties | are characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reactions and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance |
| Chemical Properties | are characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance |
| Physical Change | is a change in the form of physical properties of a substances without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance |
| Chemical Change | is a change in the chemical composition or make-up of substance |
| Oxidation - reduction | is a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen) |
| Oxidizing agent | is a substance that release oxygen |
| Reduction | is the process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to substance through a chemical |
| Reduction Reaction | chemical reaction |
| Exothermic Reaction | types of chemical reaction |
| Combustion | is the rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light |
| Pure Substance | is a chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions |
| Physical mixture | is a physical combination of matter in any proportions |
| Solution | is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances |
| Solute | is the substance that is that dissolved into solution |
| Solvent | is the substance that dissolve the solute and make the solution |
| Miscible | liquids are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions |
| Immiscible | liquids are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions |
| Suspensions | are unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid |
| Emulsion | is an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not say blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier |
| Emulsifier | is an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend |
| Surfactants | are substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify |
| Lipophilic | having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving) |
| Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion | oil droplets are emulsified in water |
| Water-in-oil (O/W) emulsion | water droplets are emulsified in oil |
| Volatile alcohols | are those that evaporate easily, such as isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) and ethyl alcohol (hairspray and alcoholic beverage). |
| Alkanolamines | are alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products |
| Ammonia | is a colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen |
| Glycerin | is a sweet, colorless, oily substance |
| Silicones | are a special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers |
| pH | is often mentioned when talking about salon products, it is one of the least understood chemical properties |
| ion | is an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge |
| Ionization | is the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions |
| Anion | an ion with a negative electrical charge |
| Cation | an ion with a positive electrical charge |
| pH scale | is a measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance |
| Acidic Solution | a pH of 7 is a neutral solution, a pH below 7 indicates |
| Alkaline Solution | a pH above 7 indicates |
| Logarithm | means multiples of 10 |
| Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) | derived from plants (mostly fruit), are examples of acids often used in salons to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the pH of a lotion or cream |
| Alkalis | also known as bases, owe their chemical reactivity to the hydroxide ion |
Created by:
BrianaHervey
Popular Chemistry sets