Science Study Guide 11/23
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Who was Niels Bohr? | Niels Bohr was a Danish scientist.
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| What is the Theory of the 4 Essences? | It is the belief that all forms of matter were a combination of earth, air, fire, and water.
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| Who invented the Theory of the 4 Essences? | Aristotle, a Greek philosopher
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| Who was the Greek philosopher that opposed the Theory of the 4 Essences? | Democritus
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| What did Democritus do? | Democritus came up with the idea of the "atom"
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| Who were alchemists? | Alchemists were scientists of the Middle Ages
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| What were the alchemists' three goals? | To turn cheap metals into gold, to stop aging, and to cure diseases
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| What is a compound? | A combination of two or more elements that forms a new substance
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| What are some examples of compounds? | water, salt, sugar, rust, tarnish, and ammonia
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| Who was John Dalton? | an English school teacher who proved Democritus was correct. His nickname is the "Father of the Modern Day Atomic Theory"
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| What did Dalton do? | he proposed his own Atomic Theory
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| Who was Marie Curie? | she was a scientist born in Poland. She worked most of her life with her husband Pierre.
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| What did Marie Curie study? | She and her husband studied radioactive elements. They discovered radium and polonium.
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| Who was Ernest Rutherford? | he was a British physicist.
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| What did Rutherford do? | he discovered that atoms have a nucleus in 1911, and that atoms are mainly empty space. In 1918, he discovered the proton.
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| What did Niels Bohr originally believe? | He originally believed that electrons flew around the nucleus in orbits.
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| What did Niels Bohr change his beliefs to? | he stated that electrons were found on shells (or orbitals) outside of the nucleus. He believed that electrons could "jump" from one shell to another.
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| What is an element's atomic number? | the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom
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| What is the atomic mass of an element? | The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. You could also say it's the total number of nucleons in an atom.
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| Who do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus? | you subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
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| How many currently known elements are there? | 118
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| How many known elements can be found in nature? | 94
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| What is the electron's relationship to the protons? | There are usually the same amount of electrons and protons in an element.
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| What kind of charge do protons have? | positive
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| What kind of charge do electrons have? | negative
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| What do the charges of the protons and electrons cause? | the overall charge of an atom is normally neutral
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| If fermium has an atomic number of 100 and an atomic mass of 257, how many neutrons are in the nucleus? | 157 neutrons
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| What kind of charge do neutrons have? | neutral
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