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Introduction to Atom
Science Study Guide 11/23
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was Niels Bohr? | Niels Bohr was a Danish scientist. |
| What is the Theory of the 4 Essences? | It is the belief that all forms of matter were a combination of earth, air, fire, and water. |
| Who invented the Theory of the 4 Essences? | Aristotle, a Greek philosopher |
| Who was the Greek philosopher that opposed the Theory of the 4 Essences? | Democritus |
| What did Democritus do? | Democritus came up with the idea of the "atom" |
| Who were alchemists? | Alchemists were scientists of the Middle Ages |
| What were the alchemists' three goals? | To turn cheap metals into gold, to stop aging, and to cure diseases |
| What is a compound? | A combination of two or more elements that forms a new substance |
| What are some examples of compounds? | water, salt, sugar, rust, tarnish, and ammonia |
| Who was John Dalton? | an English school teacher who proved Democritus was correct. His nickname is the "Father of the Modern Day Atomic Theory" |
| What did Dalton do? | he proposed his own Atomic Theory |
| Who was Marie Curie? | she was a scientist born in Poland. She worked most of her life with her husband Pierre. |
| What did Marie Curie study? | She and her husband studied radioactive elements. They discovered radium and polonium. |
| Who was Ernest Rutherford? | he was a British physicist. |
| What did Rutherford do? | he discovered that atoms have a nucleus in 1911, and that atoms are mainly empty space. In 1918, he discovered the proton. |
| What did Niels Bohr originally believe? | He originally believed that electrons flew around the nucleus in orbits. |
| What did Niels Bohr change his beliefs to? | he stated that electrons were found on shells (or orbitals) outside of the nucleus. He believed that electrons could "jump" from one shell to another. |
| What is an element's atomic number? | the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom |
| What is the atomic mass of an element? | The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. You could also say it's the total number of nucleons in an atom. |
| Who do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus? | you subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass |
| How many currently known elements are there? | 118 |
| How many known elements can be found in nature? | 94 |
| What is the electron's relationship to the protons? | There are usually the same amount of electrons and protons in an element. |
| What kind of charge do protons have? | positive |
| What kind of charge do electrons have? | negative |
| What do the charges of the protons and electrons cause? | the overall charge of an atom is normally neutral |
| If fermium has an atomic number of 100 and an atomic mass of 257, how many neutrons are in the nucleus? | 157 neutrons |
| What kind of charge do neutrons have? | neutral |
Created by:
16arosenberg
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