Acid Base
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| S/Sx of FVE? | show 🗑
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| show | chng in LOC, thirst, headache, v&N, dry skin, decreased turgor, diarrhea, soncstipation, muslce weakness, parathesias, tetany. postural hypotention, change in rate of resp, pulse and depth of resp.
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| show | Anasarca
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| ABG's give infor about what 3 things? | show 🗑
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| When drawing blood for an ABG what should you note? | show 🗑
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| Level of HCO3 ? | show 🗑
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| show | 7.35 - 7.45
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| Level of PaCO2? | show 🗑
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| show | H
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| Bases bind what? | show 🗑
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| show | Decreases
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| Lungs excrete carbonic acid as what? | show 🗑
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| show | Increases to create greater excretion of CO2.
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| show | Decreases to retain CO2 (which will join with H2O to create carbonic acid.)
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| CO2 is constantly being formed by what? | show 🗑
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| The kidney usually excretes______ urine and retains _______ | show 🗑
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| show | The lungs
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| With Alkalosis, what is the kidney going to do? | show 🗑
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| With Acidosis, what will the kidneys do? | show 🗑
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| show | CNS depression
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| What does Alkalosis do to the CNS? | show 🗑
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| show | The amont of CO2 and H increases creating resp acidosis.
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| Hypercapnia ( too much CO2) causes what? | show 🗑
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| Acidosis makes ______move out of cells, creating _______. | show 🗑
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| show | Ventricl fibrilation.
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| What are the basic causes of Resp acidosis? | show 🗑
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| What causes respiratory alkalosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Hyperventilation from anxiety, pain, hypozia, brain lesions, over ventilation on mechanical ventilator
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| show | Bi-Carbonate
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| What does metabolic acidosis come from? | show 🗑
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| What are common causes of Metabolic Acidosis? | show 🗑
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| Why idoes DM create metabolic acidosis problems? | show 🗑
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| Metabolic acidosis also can be created by lactic acid? | show 🗑
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| show | The acids accumulate because they cannot be filtered out of the blood.
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| show | The excess H will be released, retain K and create hyper K along with the acidosis.
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| show | Bi-carb or lactate
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| What are some common causes of Metabolic alkalosis? | show 🗑
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| In metabolic acidosis, what happens with the K? | show 🗑
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| show | HypOkalemia, dizziness and tingling.
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| show | enhance ventilation, TCDB, remove blockage
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| show | treat cause, watch for dysrythmias, Ca gluconate for tetany, help renal function to help compensation
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| What is the Tx for metabolic acidosis? | show 🗑
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| What is the Tx for metabolic alkalosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Acid Base disorders
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| Acid Base disorders in elderly may lead to? | show 🗑
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| show | Aging
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| Name some ore-existing conditions that can lead to Acid Base disorders? | show 🗑
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| show | Age related changes to the kidney.
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| the amount of diuresis produced is in direct proportion to.. | show 🗑
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| show | Glomerular filtration is low.
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| High ceiling diuretics can cause? | show 🗑
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| Thiazides produce les and are ineffective with.... | show 🗑
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| show | Modest
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| K sparing diuretics are use to counteract what? | show 🗑
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| show | HyperKalemia
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| show | K supplements or with each other.
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| show | HTN and Edema associated with CHF, cirrhosis and renal disease.,
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| Name a high ceiling diuretic. | show 🗑
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| show | HCTZ and HydroDiuril
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| show | Spironolactone
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| When is comes to electrolyte, what is is really all about? | show 🗑
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| Aldosterone is a ______secreted by the ________. | show 🗑
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| show | FVD
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| show | Kidney
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| Aldosterone reabsorbs____ and secretes _____ | show 🗑
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| show | Low BP and dehyration
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| ADH is produced by the ? | show 🗑
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| show | Posterior Pituitary.
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| ADH is released in response to | show 🗑
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| show | Kidney
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| show | H2O
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| show | concentrated urine
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| show | stress, anasthesia and narcotics.
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| show | Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH
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| If a pt has SIADH what would you expect the volume status to be? | show 🗑
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| What is the Tx for SIADH with a head injury? | show 🗑
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| show | Too little ADH
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| show | H2O moves out of the cell, volume status is low, frequent urination.
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| show | Give ml for ml urinated, replace with hypotonic fluids, give vasopressin,
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| show | Synthetic ADH
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| show | Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic
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| What is Isotonic dehydration? | show 🗑
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| What is Hypotonic dehydration? | show 🗑
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| What is Hypertonic dehydration? | show 🗑
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| show | decreased lov , restless, dissy from low circulating blood vol. and confusion.
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| Whare are the cardiovascular manifestations of FVD? | show 🗑
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| What are the Pulmonayr manifestations of FVD? | show 🗑
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| show | increased specific gravity
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| what is the manifestation of FVD in the extremities? | show 🗑
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| show | weight loss, shrunken eyeballs, thirsty
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| show | diuretics, third spacing, vomiting
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| show | confusion, seizures ( from increased ICP and decreased Na)
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| show | increase dystolic, decreased diastolic (widening pulse pressure)
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| What are pulmonary signs of FVE? | show 🗑
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| What are some abdominal signs of FVE? | show 🗑
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| show | edema, dependant or sacral
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| show | weight fain, prone to bed sores
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| What are some causes of FVE? | show 🗑
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| What are some causes of Hyper natremia? | show 🗑
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| show | Decreased thirst response so they do not drink enough water.
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| The basic symptom rule of hyperNatremia? | show 🗑
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| S/Sx of Hyper Natremia? | show 🗑
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| show | treat cause, monitor I & O, Hypotonic fluids ( D5), monitor labs ( blood sugar and Osmo), watch LOC , seizure precautions.
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| Why do you infuse IV slow with hyper Na? | show 🗑
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| show | Monitor I and O
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| show | Pulls H2O from intravascular into the intracellular
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| show | Cerebral Edema
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| What are some causes of HypO Na? | show 🗑
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| S/Sx of Hyponatremia? | show 🗑
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| show | shock and coma
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| show | I & O, weigh daily, vital signs, check for postural hypotension.
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| show | Use Isotonic to raise the Na level without the fluid so the cells don't draw the H20 in first.
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| Kidneys excrete K in echanges for___, controlled by ________. | show 🗑
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| The cause of HyperK is? | show 🗑
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| S/sx of Hyper K? | show 🗑
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| Nsg Interventions for Hyper K? | show 🗑
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| why do you use Calcium gluconate Iv in hyperK? | show 🗑
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| show | Promotes the uptake of K into the cells. K follows the insulin/dextrose.
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| show | Dialysis. It means that nothing else is working.
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| What happens with K and acidosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Lidocane for the pain.
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| show | 10 mEq / hr, no more.
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| What are the s/sx of Hypo K | show 🗑
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| show | K is lower as K is moving into the cells during the alkaline state, then excreted by kidneys which hold onto the K because of the alkalitic state.
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| show | Starvation, increased aldosterone ( re-sorbs Na and rids of K), GI loss, laxatives and diuretics.
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| Most common causes of Hypo K? | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiat monitor, watch for dig toxicity, make sure you have urine output b/4 giving K, oral supplements
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| How do you administer intravenous K? | show 🗑
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| show | Slow down the heart and increases contractility.
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| show | Potentiates the Digitalis and risk of toxicity.
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| What is Mag use for? | show 🗑
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| Mag has a sedative effect on?? | show 🗑
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| Mag also helps with? | show 🗑
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| have Torsseauds? Need more______> | show 🗑
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| show | Malnutrition, alcoholism ( don't eat) steriods, diuretics ( lose K lose mag) diarrhea.
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| show | HypO Ca, mag effects parathyroid hormone.
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| show | Tachycardia , Toursedes, paresthesis, muscle spasm, tremors, tetany, loc changes, seizures
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| What is Toursedes ? | show 🗑
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| Low magnesium makes for muscular irritability. What are some signs of that? | show 🗑
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| What are some Nsg Interventions for HypOMag? | show 🗑
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| show | 1 gm to 20 ml of NS to dilute.
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| show | Flushed, sweating, bradycardia, hypOtension.
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| show | A urine output.
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| S/Sx of Hyper Mag? | show 🗑
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| What are Nsg interventions for Hyper Mag? | show 🗑
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| show | Mag follows K into the cells which is drawn there by the insulin/gluc.
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| why use diuretics with Hyper Mag? | show 🗑
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| Ca is for.... | show 🗑
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| show | Alkalosis
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| Hyper Ca is rrelated to what acid base problem? | show 🗑
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| show | Hyperphosphate = HypO Ca
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| Causes of HypO Ca? | show 🗑
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| Why does blood transfusion contribute to Hypo Ca? | show 🗑
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| Why does kidney disease contribute to Hypo Ca? | show 🗑
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| The S/Sx of HypO Ca is caused by.. | show 🗑
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| The s/sx of HypO Ca are? | show 🗑
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| What are two nsg tests you can do for HypO Ca? | show 🗑
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| What are nsg interventions for HypO Ca? | show 🗑
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| show | Emerg- Ca Chloride, non emerg- Ca gluconate
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| show | Central line
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| show | 1gm/hr.
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| show | depressed deep tendon reflex, lethary coma, decrease GI motility, dysrythmias, fractures.
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| Interventions for Hyper Ca? | show 🗑
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| Causes of Hyper Ca? | show 🗑
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| Everywoman will be slightly ______Calcemia? | show 🗑
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| show | Calcium
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| show | Jejunem of the intestine
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| show | Muscle weakness, low energy, confusion, memory loss, slurred speech, HTN and decreased C.O.
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| What are the cardiac effects of HypO Phos? | show 🗑
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| show | weak muscles lead to resp failure
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| show | RBCs and Leukocytes, creating anemia
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| What does CHEMO stand for ( in hyperphophatemis?) | show 🗑
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| PaO2 tells you about.. | show 🗑
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| SaO2 tells you about | show 🗑
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| show | if they are breathing effectively.
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| HCO3 reflects the _______component of ABGs | show 🗑
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| show | Impaired renal function, acid base imbalance, thyroid or parathyroid surgery.
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| show | Drug therapy, Iv therapy, diuretics and Hemodialysis
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| show | Aluminum, Mag and Ca all will bind Phos
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| show | Functioning kidneys so you can promote renal excretion.
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| What are the three chemical buffer systems? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. headache then2. confusion, then hyperkalemia
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| show | Obtunded, sleepy, difficulty arousing.
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| show | That the problem has been around long enough for the body to want to compensate.
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| Resp Alkalosis is always due to?? | show 🗑
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| show | those with anxiety, fear, asthma, head injury, pulmonary edema due to hypervent trying to get O2
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