Elements
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| angle formed by three bonded molecules | bond angle
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| a chemical compound used to create a chemical reaction; not necessarily consumed in the reaction like a reactant | reagent
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| the lines by which protons and neutrons leak out of the nuclei | drip line
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| Neutrino Observatory in japan | super-Kamiokande
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| most stable baryon, a chain reaction fuels the sun, amount denoted by Z | proton
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| A chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen that produces elemental carbon (graphite), water, and 10% heat return | Bosch Reaction
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| Stereoselective oxydation reactions; | Sharpless
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| Cell bodies in which chlorophyll has not yet been synthesized | etioplasts
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| stimulated by cytokine and can be inhibited by iron deficiency | chlorophyll
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| the minimum voltage that causes an insulator to become conductive | breakdown voltage
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| these objects stop working when breakdown voltage is reached | capacitors
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| having the property of recieving an electric force without conducting; insulating | dielectric
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| measures wind | Beaufort scale
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| Transposable element | DNA that can change its position within a genome; "Barbara Mcklintock's jumping genes"
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| Henderson hasselbach equation | used to analyse buffers and acids
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| latent heat | the heat required for a substance to change phases without a change in temperature
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| define ph | It is defined as the negative of the base ten log of the concentration of hydronium ("high"-DRO-nee-um) ions.
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| Dirac | theorizes the existence of antimatter
" Dirac shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1933 with Erwin Schrödinger, "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory".[3] He also did work that forms the basis of modern attempts to reconcile gener
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| antimatter | particles with opposite parallel charges
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| dark matter | matter we cannot yet observe but we know to exist due to its gravitational affect; suspected to be 10x more matter in the universe
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| braggs law | measures the angle of coherent and incoherent scattering in a crystal lattice
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| cadmium | the first spectroscopic definition of the meter was based on this element's red line.
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| itai-itai disease | cadmium
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| lambda | wavelength
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| polyploid | having more than two sets of homologous chromosomes
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| neutron | the only stable isotrope that doesn't have them is protium
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| benzene | most common cycloalkane; this compound with chemical formula C6H6, whose structure was proposed by Kekule.
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| enzymes | rna acts as one of these in the hammerhead configuration
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| legumes | plants used to rejuvenate soil due to their nitrogen fixation abilities
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| bayer process | extracts aluminum from bauxite (the most important aluminum ore)
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| wegener | credited with pangea; theory of continental drift
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| law of partial pressures | dalton
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| doping | improves semi conductors by adding impurities
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| arsenic | poisons ground water
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| ohms | resistance
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| Raleigh scattering | the scattering of light by small particles
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| stomata | pores in leaves
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| Carboniferous Period | Pennsylvanian and Mississippian Period, most coal deposits form at this time
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| quark | Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix represents properties held by these; Murray Glen-Man names them
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| Boron | It forms compounds with hydrogen that are given prefixes like nido- and arachno-.
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| Surface tension | The difference in pressure across the interface of two static fluids is twice this quantity times the mean curvature according to LaPlace's law.
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| Hall-heroult bath | proceeds bayer process
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| yeast | first organism to have its genome sequenced
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| velocity | force times this is power
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| HCl | functions as a proton donor in elimination reactions which form alkenes
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| elimination reaction | a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 reaction.
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| nondisjunction | failure of the chromosomes to separate
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| appendix | connects to cecum
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| salt bridges | these allow the flow of electrons between two containers of different chemicals. Name these connections between the half-cells in a galvanic cell.
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| sapir | eskimo language studies
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| nematoda | first multicellular animal to have its genome sequenced (phyla)
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| electrolysis | using a battery to separate salts
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| amphipathic | having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components
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| pancreas | canal of wirsung
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| thyroid gland | graves disease
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| goiter | iodine deficiency
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| Born hayber cycle | Finds lattice energy
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| Reynolds number | a dimensionless number that gives a measure of the ratio of inertial forces () to viscous forces (μ / L) and, consequently, it quantifies the relative importance of these two types of forces for given flow conditions.
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| Laminar flow | Even flow, viscosity is dominant low Reynolds number
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| Turbulent flow | choppy flow with irregularities;high inertial forces and high Reynolds number
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| Calcium |
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| fermentation | Pasteur defines it as respiration without air
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| fungi | The only type of these organisms that have flagella are the chytrids.
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| linear velocity | proportional to wavenumber. Planck's constant divided by this quantity equals a particle's de Broglie wavelength. The square of this quantity divided by twice an object's mass equals kinetic energy. a change in this quantity is called an impulse.
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| hydrolic devices | devices work because a change in this quantity in one part of an incompressible fluid is transmitted to all parts of that fluid, allowing the amplification of work
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| urine | the surface tension of it is measured in the Hay test
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| van der walls force | they include one type that results from the interaction of temporary dipoles, London dispersion forces. For 10 points, name these weak attractive forces between gas molecules, named for a Dutch scientist.
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| gauss | This man developed the ruler-and-straightedge construction of a seventeen-sided polygon.
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| vapor pressure | It equals atmospheric pressure at the boiling point
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| vapor pressure | The pressure exerted by the gas in equilibrium (the substance stops changing phases in a closed container) with a solid or liquid in a closed container at a given temperature is called the
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| work | at constant pressure this quantity equals "pressure times change in volume." The first law of thermodynamics sets change in internal energy equal to "heat added plus [this quantity]."
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| newton | princepa mathematica
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| charge | A magnetic kind of this would be generated by magnetic monopoles
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| kuiper belt | name this ring of small bodies from around thirty to fifty-five AUs from the sun
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| parthenogenesis | a type of asexual reproduction in which the offspring develops from unfertilized eggs. It is particularly common amongst arthropods and rotifers, can also be found in some species of fish, amphibians, birds, and reptiles, but not in mammals.
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| flame test | name this test for detecting metals, in which strontium solutions turn red and sodium solutions turn yellow when subjected to the namesake source of heat.
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| bases | The super types of these substances include sodium amide and n-butyllithium
hard ones end in -ide
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| auxin | name this first plant hormone to be discovered, which promotes coleoptile expansion and fruit growth.
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| gallileo | Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
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| energy | its “internal” type is symbolized U
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| energy | spontaneous reactions occur when this value is negative for gibbs free _____.
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| archaea | discovered by Carl Woese and George Fox in 1977, catalogued species which are commonly placed in 3 broad categories of halophiles, thermophiles, and acidophiles. This is because many are found in extreme environments.
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| monoprotic acid | _________: an acid that can donate only one proton, while polyprotic acid can donate more than one proton.
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| thyroid gland | largest endocrine gland
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| faraday | One law named for this scientist states that the amount of mass altered during electrolysis is proportional to the electric charge.
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| faraday | discovered electromagnetic induction, the namesake of the unit of capacitance.
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| photosphere | surface of the sun
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| birefringence | the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light.
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| dichroic | Materials which have different absorption for perpendicular incident planes for light are said to be
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| cambrian | age of trilobites
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| antimatter | dirac
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| fermi | father of the atomic bomb
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| fermi | discovery of transuranic elements
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| fermi | names the neutrino
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| glucose | The Cori cycle involves the conversion of pyruvate into this molecule
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| Azeotropes | These mixtures cannot be separated by distillation without the help of an entrainer.
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| Colligative properities | properties of solutions that depend upon the ratio of the number of solute particles to the number of solvent molecules in a solution, and not on the type of chemical species present.
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| Elastance | its unit is the reciprocal farad, also informally called the daraf.
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