vocabulary terms for chapter two
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| alkali metals | group 1a metal
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| alkaline earth metal | group 2a metal
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| anion | negative ion
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| atomic masses | also called atomic weights
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| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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| atomic weight | weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring isotope
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| Avogadro's hypothesis | at the same temperature and pressure equal volumes of different gases contain the same number of particles
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| Ball-and-stick model | molecular model that distorts the sizes of atoms but shows bond relationships clearly
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| cathode-ray tubes | partially evacuated tubes
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| cation | positive ion
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| chemical bond | force, or more accurately, the energy that holds 2 atoms together
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| chemical formula | representation of a molecule in which the symbols for the elements are used to indicate types of atoms present and subscripts are used to show the relative number of atoms.
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| covalent bond | type of bond in which electrons are shared by atoms
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| electrons | negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom
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| group (family) | vertical column of elements having same valence electron configuration and showing similar properties.
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| halogens | group 7a element
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| ion | atom or group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
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| ionic bond | electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
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| ionic solid | solid containing cations and anions that dissolves in water to give a solution containing the separated ions, which are mobile and thus free to conduct an electric current.
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| isotopes | atoms of the same element (same number of protons) with different number of neutrons- they have identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers.
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| law of conservation of mass | mass is neither created nor destroyed
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| law of multiple proportions | law stating that when 2 elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the 2nd element that combines with 1 gram of the 1st element can always be reduced to small whole numbers.
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| mass number | total number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus of an atom
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| metal | element that gives up electrons relatively easily and is lustrous, malleable, and a good conductor of heat and electricity
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| molecule | bonded collection of 2 or more atoms of the same or different elements
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| neutron | particle in the atomic nucleus with a mass almost identical to the proton but with no charge
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| noble gases | group 8a element
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| nonmetal | element not exhibiting metallic characteristics typically accepts electrons from a metal
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| nuclear atom | atom having a dense center of positive charge (nucleus) and electrons moving around the outside.
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| nucleus | small dense center of positive charge in an atom
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| period | horizontal row of elements
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| periodic table | chart showing all the elements arrange in columns with similar chemical properties
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| polyatomic ions | an ion containing a number of atoms
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| proton | positively charged particles in an atomic nucleus
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| radioactivity | spontaneous decomposition for a nucleus to form a different nucleus
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| space-filling model | model of a molecule showing the relatives sizes of the atoms and their relative orientation
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| structural formula | representation of a molecule in which the relative position of the atoms are shown and the bonds are indicated by lines.
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| law of definite proportions | given compound always contains the same proportions of elements by mass
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