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AP chem chapter two
vocabulary terms for chapter two
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alkali metals | group 1a metal |
| alkaline earth metal | group 2a metal |
| anion | negative ion |
| atomic masses | also called atomic weights |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| atomic weight | weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring isotope |
| Avogadro's hypothesis | at the same temperature and pressure equal volumes of different gases contain the same number of particles |
| Ball-and-stick model | molecular model that distorts the sizes of atoms but shows bond relationships clearly |
| cathode-ray tubes | partially evacuated tubes |
| cation | positive ion |
| chemical bond | force, or more accurately, the energy that holds 2 atoms together |
| chemical formula | representation of a molecule in which the symbols for the elements are used to indicate types of atoms present and subscripts are used to show the relative number of atoms. |
| covalent bond | type of bond in which electrons are shared by atoms |
| electrons | negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom |
| group (family) | vertical column of elements having same valence electron configuration and showing similar properties. |
| halogens | group 7a element |
| ion | atom or group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge |
| ionic bond | electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| ionic solid | solid containing cations and anions that dissolves in water to give a solution containing the separated ions, which are mobile and thus free to conduct an electric current. |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element (same number of protons) with different number of neutrons- they have identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers. |
| law of conservation of mass | mass is neither created nor destroyed |
| law of multiple proportions | law stating that when 2 elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the 2nd element that combines with 1 gram of the 1st element can always be reduced to small whole numbers. |
| mass number | total number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus of an atom |
| metal | element that gives up electrons relatively easily and is lustrous, malleable, and a good conductor of heat and electricity |
| molecule | bonded collection of 2 or more atoms of the same or different elements |
| neutron | particle in the atomic nucleus with a mass almost identical to the proton but with no charge |
| noble gases | group 8a element |
| nonmetal | element not exhibiting metallic characteristics typically accepts electrons from a metal |
| nuclear atom | atom having a dense center of positive charge (nucleus) and electrons moving around the outside. |
| nucleus | small dense center of positive charge in an atom |
| period | horizontal row of elements |
| periodic table | chart showing all the elements arrange in columns with similar chemical properties |
| polyatomic ions | an ion containing a number of atoms |
| proton | positively charged particles in an atomic nucleus |
| radioactivity | spontaneous decomposition for a nucleus to form a different nucleus |
| space-filling model | model of a molecule showing the relatives sizes of the atoms and their relative orientation |
| structural formula | representation of a molecule in which the relative position of the atoms are shown and the bonds are indicated by lines. |
| law of definite proportions | given compound always contains the same proportions of elements by mass |
Created by:
mrsklann
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