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Study cards for AICP exam, and Planning in general

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Question
Answer
show 1. Lower road-building costs 2. Increase green space 3. create quieter residential lots with less traffic  
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show Longer or larger blocks of commercial or residential development with limited vehicle access. Accessed instead by walkways, culs-de-sac.  
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Raymond Unwin   show
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Government town-building projects -   show
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show ...beauty...  
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Early garden suburb (1908-11) intended for working-class / lower-income, became suburb for middle to upper-middle income residents by 1950 (Lewis Mumford in Toward New Towns For America, intro)   show
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Founded 1925, Lewis Mumford, Clarence Stein, henry Wright, et al   show
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First attempt at Garden City in America. Designed and built within rigid framework of NYC's gridiron.   show
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show Radburn, NJ  
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Stein and Wright - First attempt at implementing Garden City concepts in America - planned on existing grid. Peripheral residential buildings with interior garden and recreation space.   show
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show Sunnyside Gardens, NYC  
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show Radburn, NJ  
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Stein and Wright's plan for this town evolved from Garden City, to New Town, to suburb that mitigates problems of increased motor vehicle traffic.   show
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Stein and Wright town design based on "how to live with the automobile, or rather in spite of it."   show
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show Radburn, Nj  
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Stein and Wright town design that included: Super-blocks, single-purpose roads (autos only), separated pedestrian circulation,   show
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show Radburn, NJ  
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show Radburn, NJ  
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show 1785  
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Date -Alexander Hamilton argues for protective tariffs for manufacturing industry as a means of promoting industrial development in the young republic.   show
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show 1818  
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Date -Erie Canal completed. artificial waterway connected the northeastern states with the newly settled areas of what was then the West, facilitating the economic development of both regions   show
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Date -The National Road terminates in Vandalia, Illinois. Begun in 1811 in Cumberland, Maryland, it helps open the Ohio Valley to settlers   show
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Date -First "model tenement" built in Manhattan   show
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show 1862  
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Date -Morrill Act. Congress authorizes land grants from the Public Domain to the states. Proceeds from the sale were to be used to found colleges offering instruction in agriculture, engineering, and other practical arts.   show
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show 1864  
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Date -Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux begin the planning of Riverside Illinois, a planned suburban community stressing rural as opposed to urban amenities.   show
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show 1869  
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show 1878  
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show 1879  
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show 1879  
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Date -Establishment of U.S. Geological Survey to survey and classify all Public Domain lands.   show
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show 1880  
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Date -How the Other Half Lives, by Jacob Riis, is published; a powerful stimulus to housing and neighborhood reform.   show
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Date -General Land Law Revision Act gave President power to create forest preserves by proclamation.   show
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show 1892  
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Date -World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago commemorating the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World. A source of the City Beautiful Movement and of the urban planning profession.   show
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show 1896  
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show 1897  
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Date -Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, by Ebenezer Howard, a source of the Garden City Movement. Reissued in 1902 as Garden Cities of Tomorrow.   show
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Date -Gifford Pinchot becomes Chief Forester of the United States in the Department of Agriculture. From this position he publicizes the cause of forest conservation.   show
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Date -New York State Tenement House Law. The legislative basis for the revision of city codes that outlawed tenements such as the "Dumbbell Tenement." Lawrence Veiller was the leading reformer.   show
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Date -U.S. Reclamation Act. Created fund from sale of public land in the arid states to supply water there through the construction of water storage and irrigation works.   show
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show 1903  
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Date -President Theodore Roosevelt appoints a Public Lands Commission to propose rules for orderly land development and management.   show
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show 1906  
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show 1907  
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show 1907  
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show 1908  
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show 1909  
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show 1909  
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show 1909  
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Date -Frederick Winslow Taylor publishes The Principles of Scientific Management, fountainhead of the efficiency movements in this country, including efficiency in city government.   show
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Date -Walter D. Moody's "Wacker's Manual of the Plan of Chicago" is adopted as an eigth- grade textbook on City Planning by the Chicago Board of Education. Possibly the first formal instruction in city planning below the college level.   show
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Date -A chair in Civic Design, first of its kind in the U.S., is created in the University of Illinois's Department of Horticulture for Charles Mulford Robinson, one of the principal promoters of the World's Columbian Exposition.   show
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Date -Flavel Shurtleff writes Carrying Out the City Plan, the first major textbook on city planning.   show
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show 1914  
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show 1914  
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Date -Patrick Geddes, "Father of Regional Planning" and mentor of Lewis Mumford, publishes Cities in Evolution.   show
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show 1916  
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show 1916  
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show 1916  
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Date -Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. becomes first president of newly founded American City Planning Institute, forerunner of American Institute of Planners and American Institute of Certified Planners.   show
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show 1918  
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show 1919  
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Date -New Orleans designates the Vieux Carre Commission, the first historic preservation commission in the U.S.   show
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Date -Los Angeles County Regional Planning Commission created. First of its kind in the United States. (Hugh Pomeroy, head of staff.)   show
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Date -Inauguration of Regional Plan of New York under Thomas Adams.   show
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show 1923  
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Date -PA Coal Co. v. Mahon. 1st SCOTUS decision to hold that a land use restriction constituted a taking. "property may be regulated, [but] if regulation goes too far it will be recognized as a taking," thus acknowleded principle of "regulatory taking."   show
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show 1924  
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Date -Sunnyside Gardens, a planned neighborhood designed by Stein and Wright, is built by City Housing Corporation under Alexander Bing in Queens, New York.   show
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show 1925  
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Date -Cincinnati, Ohio, becomes first major American city officially to endorse a comprehensive plan. (Alfred Bettman, Ladislas Segoe)   show
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show 1925  
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show 1925  
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Date -Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty. Constitutionality of zoning upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court.   show
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show 1928  
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show 1928  
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show 1928  
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show 1929  
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show 1929  
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show 1929  
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Date -National Land Utilization Conference convened in Chicago. Three hundred agricultural experts deliberate on rural recovery programs and natural resource conservation.   show
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Date -Federal Home Loan Bank System established to shore up shaky home financing institutions.   show
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show 1932  
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show 1933  
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show 1933  
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Date -National Planning Board est. w/in DoI to assist in preparation of a comp plan for public works under Frederick Delano, Charles Merriam, Wesley Mitchell. Its last successor agency, the National Resources Planning Board, abolished in 1943.   show
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Date -Civilian Conservation Corps established to provide work for unemployed youth and to conserve nation's natural resources.   show
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Date -Federal Emergency Relief Administration set up under Harry Hopkins to organize relief work in urban and rural areas.   show
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show 1933  
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show 1933  
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Date -American Society of Planning Officials founded, an organization for planners, planning commissioners and planning-related public officials.   show
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Date -National Housing Act. Established FSLIC for insuring savings deposits and the FHA for insuring individual home mortgages.   show
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Date -Taylor Grazing Act is passed, its purpose to regulate the use of the range in the West for conservation purposes.   show
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show 1934  
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Date -Resettlement Administration est. under Rexford Tugwell, to carry out experiments in land reform and population resettlement. RA built the three Greenbelt towns, forerunners of present day New Towns: Columbia, Maryland; Reston, Virginia; etc.)   show
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show 1935  
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show 1935  
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Date - Historic Sites, Bldgs and Antiquities Act, predecessor of the NHPA, passed. Requires the SOI to identify, acquire, restore qualifying historic sites and properties, calls upon federal agencies to consider preservation needs in their programs.   show
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Date -Social Security Act passed to create a safety net for elderly. Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor and first woman cabinet member, was a principal promoter.   show
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Date -Congress authorizes Grande Coulee Dam in Central WA. Finished in 1941, Largest concrete structure in U.S. and heart of Columbia Basin Project, a regional plan comparable to TVA. Provided irrigation, power, and flood control in the Pacific NW.   show
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show 1936  
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Date -Our Cities: Their Role in the National Economy. A landmark report by the Urbanism Committee of the National Resources Committee. (Ladislas Segoe headed research staff.   show
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Date -U.S. Housing Act (Wagner-Steagall). Set the stage for future government aid by appropriating $500 million in loans for low-cost housing. Tied slum clearance to public housing.   show
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show 1937  
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Date -AIP states its purpose: "the planning of the unified development of urban communities and their environs, and of states, regions and the nation, expressed through...comprehensive arrangement of land uses, occupancy, and regulation thereof."   show
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show 1939  
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show 1941  
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Date -Robert Walker's Planning Function in Urban Government published.   show
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show 1944  
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show 1944  
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show 1947  
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show 1947  
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show 1947  
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show 1949  
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Date -The National Trust for Historic Preservation is created and chartered by Congress.   show
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show 1954  
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Date -In Brown v. Board of Education (Topeka, Kansas), Supreme Court upholds school integration.   show
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show 1954  
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Date -Council of Government movement (COGS) begins in the Detroit area with the formation of a Supervisors' Inter-County Committee - representatives of each county in SE MI for the purpose of confronting areawide problems. Model spreads nationwide.   show
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Date -Congress passes multibillion dollar Federal Aid Highway Act to create interstate highway system linking all state capitals and most cities of 50,000 population or more.   show
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Date -F. Stuart Chapin publishes Urban Land Use Planning.   show
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Date -Education for Planning. A seminal, book-length inquiry by Harvey S. Perloff into the "appropriate intellectual, practical and 'philosophical' basis for the education of city and regional planners ..."   show
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Date -A "Multiple Land Use Classification System" (A. Guttenberg) published in Journal of American Institute of Planners. The first approach to the definition of land-use classifications in multidimensional terms.   show
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Date -Congress establishes the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR), with members from various branches of government. Serves primarily as a research agency and think tank in area of intergovernmental relations.   show
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show 1959  
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show 1959  
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Date -Image of the City by Kevin Lynch defines basic elements of city's "imageability" (paths, edges, nodes, etc.).   show
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Date -The Death and Life of Great American Cities, by Jane Jacobs, includes a critique of planning and planners.   show
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Date -Hawaii becomes first state to institute statewide zoning.   show
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show 1961  
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show 1962  
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Date -"A Choice Theory of Planning," seminal article in AIP Journal by Paul Davidoff and Thomas Reiner, lays basis for advocacy planning concept.   show
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Date -Rachel Carson's book, Silent Spring is published and wakes the nation to the deleterious effects of pesticides on animal, plant and human life.   show
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show 1962  
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Date -Columbia, Maryland, a new town situated about halfway between Washington and Baltimore, featuring some class integration and the neighborhood principle.   show
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show 1964  
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Date -Civil Rights Act outlaws discrimination based on race, creed, and national origin in places of public accommodation.   show
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show 1964  
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Date -In a commencement speech at U. Michigan, President LBJ declares war on poverty, urges congressional authorization of many remedial programs, plus the establishment of a cabinet-level Department of Housing and Community Development.   show
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Date -A White House Conference on Natural Beauty in America is convened on May 24 and 25, owing much to the interest and advocacy of the First Lady, Lady Bird Johnson.   show
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Date -Housing and urban policy achieve cabinet status when the Housing and Home Finance Agency is succeeded by the Department of HUD. Robert Weaver becomes HUD's first Secretary and nation's first African-American cabinet member.   show
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show 1965  
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Date -Congress passes the Water Resources Management Act authorizing Federal-Multistate river basin commissions.   show
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Date -The Public Work and Economic Development Act passes Congress. This act establishes the Economic Development Administration to extend coordinated, multifaceted aid to lagging regions and foster their redevelopment   show
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Date -The Appalachian Regional Planning Act establishes a region comprising all of West Virginia and parts of 12 other states, plus a planning commission with the power to frame plans and allocate resources.   show
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Date -John Reps publishes The Making of Urban America, the first comprehensive history of American urban planning beginning with colonial times.   show
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show 1966  
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Date -With Heritage So Rich, a seminal historic preservation book, is published.   show
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Date -NHPA passed. Established NRHP and provides, through its Section 106, for the protection of eligible sites and properties threatened by federal activities. Creates ACHP and directs that each state appoint a SHPO   show
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Date -Section 4(f) of the DOT Act provides protection to parkland, wildlife refuges, and other eligible resources in building national roads. Protects private as well as publicly owned historic props, unlike parkland and wildlife refuges.   show
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Date -The planning profession reaches its 50th anniversary with a celebratory conference in Washington, D.C. Many of the earliest practitioners and founders of the profession attend together with eminent leaders of other professions.   show
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show 1967  
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show 1968  
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Date -Ian McHarg publishes Design with Nature, tying planning to the natural environment.   show
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show 1969  
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show 1969  
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Date -First "Earth Day," April 22   show
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Date -Federal Environment Protection Agency established to administer main provisions of the Clean Air Act (1970).   show
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Date -The Miami Valley (Ohio) Regional Planning Commission Housing Plan is adopted, the first such plan in the nation to allocate low- and moderate-income housing on a "fair share" basis.   show
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Date -AIP adopts a Code of Ethics for professional planners.   show
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show 1972  
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show 1972  
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Date -In Golden v. Planning Board of Ramapo, New York high court allows the use of performance criteria as a means of slowing community growth.   show
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show 1972  
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show 1973  
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show 1974  
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show 1975  
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Date -Historic Preservation Fund established.   show
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Date -First exam for AIP membership conducted.   show
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show 1978  
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Date -American Institute of Planners (AIP) and American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) merge to become American Planning Association (APA).   show
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Date -"Reagan Revolution" begins. Planning profession challenged to adapt to new (counter-New Deal) policies: reduced federal spending, privatization, deregulation, etc. Phase-out of some earlier aids to planning grants and programs.   show
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show 1980  
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show 1980  
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Date -ACSP issues Volume 1, Number 1 of The Journal of Education and Planning Research.   show
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show 1983  
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show 1984  
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Date -The First National Conference on American Planning History is convened in Columbus, Ohio and leads to the founding of the Society 0f American City and Regional Planning History (SACRPH) the following year.   show
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Date -First English Ev. Luth. Church v. County of LA, SCOTUS finds that even a temporary taking requires compensation.   show
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Date -In Nollan v. CA Coastal Commission, SCOTUS finds that land-use restrictions, to be valid, must be tied directly to a specific public purpose.   show
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show 1989  
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Date -Passage of Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) includes provisions for a National Scenic Byways Program and for transportation enhancements, each of which includes a historic preservation component.   show
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show 1992  
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Date -Enterprise Zone/Empowerment Community (EZ/EC) becomes law. Tax incentives, wage tax credits, special deductions, and low-interest financing to a limited number of impoverished urban and rural communities to jumpstart economic and social recovery.   show
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show 1994  
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show 1994  
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Date -American Institute of Certified Planners inaugurates a College of Fellows to recognize distinguished individual contributions by longer term AICP members.   show
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Date -Pres. Clinton creates 8 new national monuments in 5 western states: Canyons of the Ancients (CO); Cascade-Siskiyou (OR); Hanford Reach (WA); Ironwood Forest, Grand Canyon-Parashant, Agua Fria (AZ); Grand Sequoia, CA Coastal (CA)   show
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show 1. Set aside space for recreation 2. Design streets to offer scenic views 3. planned a shaded parkway connecting to Chicago 4. used no grid or right angles for streets  
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Date - Planning of Riverside, IL   show
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show Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux  
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Who - designed plan for Sunnyside Gardens in NYC   show
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Who - Father of city planning   show
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Who - Father of Regional planning   show
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show Edward Bassett  
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Who - Father of Environmental planning   show
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Who - Father of Advocacy Planning   show
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show Sherry Arnstein - Rungs 1.Manipulation 2.Therapy 3.Information 4.consultation 5.Placation 6.Partnership 7.Delegated power 8.Citizen Control - advise v. decide -  
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show Ebenezer Howard  
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show Jane Jacobs  
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Who - "The Image of the City"   show
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show Lewis Mumford  
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show Ian McHarg  
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Who - "Plan for New York and Its Environs"   show
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show Jacob Riis  
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show F.L Wright  
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show Hope VI  
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Who - founded CNU. Main proponent of New Urbanist principles.   show
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show T.J. Kent  
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HOPE IV - 4 goals of this 1992 HUD program   show
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Concept - Design can change behavior. Social processes and spatial form are related. Therefore, by changing the spatial form it's possible to change the social structure as well.   show
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show Jane Jacobs  
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show Christopher Alexander  
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Who - provided seminal contributions to the field of city planning through empirical research on how individuals perceive and navigate the urban landscape, "The Image of the City"   show
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