Chapters 1-5 Martini, Timmons, & Tallitsch, 6th Edition, Human Anatomy
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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Merocrine and erocrine glands both produce sweat via | show 🗑
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show | Supporting cells
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show | Actual cell
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Ligaments | show 🗑
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Aponeuroses | show 🗑
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Tendons | show 🗑
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Holocrine secretion | show 🗑
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Apocrine | show 🗑
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show |
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Endocrine | show 🗑
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Exocrine | show 🗑
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show | skin, vagina, esophagus
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What cells make up LACT? | show 🗑
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show | Adipocytes
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show | Osteocytes
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What cells make up cartilage? | show 🗑
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Collagen | show 🗑
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show | Made up of elastic (cardiovascular system)
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Reticular | show 🗑
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What are the fluid connective tissues? | show 🗑
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show | LACT, Adipose , and Reticular
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show | DRCT, DICT
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show | Bone and Cartilage
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show | long-term responsiveness
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show | The change in living organisms that allow them to live successfully in an environment.
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show | The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.
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Excretion | show 🗑
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show | Refers to an increase in some quantity over time, often due to an increase in the size and or the # of individual cells
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Metabolism | show 🗑
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show | Construction of molecules via metabolic pathways from smaller units. (building things)
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show | Breakdown of molecules, via metabolic pathways, into smaller units, consequently releasing energy. (catastrophe)
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Reproduction | show 🗑
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show | The patient lying down w/ their face up
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show | The patient lying down w/ thei face down
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show | The ability of an organism to change activity or functioning, based upon the application of a stimulus: also irritability
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show | Body cells
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Sex Cells | show 🗑
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show | embedded in the phospholipids bilayer
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Peripheral proteins | show 🗑
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Channels | show 🗑
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Gated Channels | show 🗑
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Microvilli | show 🗑
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Diffusion | show 🗑
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Osmosis | show 🗑
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Active membrane Processes | show 🗑
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Active Transport | show 🗑
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show | A Process where cell absorb material (proteins) from the outside by engulfing it w/ their cell membrane.
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Phagocytosis | show 🗑
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Receptor- mediated endocytosis | show 🗑
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show | Cell drinking; uptake solutes and single molecules; proteins
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show | Intracellular fluid that contains dissolved solutes and surrounds the cellular organelles
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show | Specialized subunits w/i a cell that has specific functions
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show | Has DNA; cell's control center; transmits genetic info
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Nucleoli | show 🗑
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Chromatin | show 🗑
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show | bean shaped organelles; cellular power plants; generate 95% of the cells ATP
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER (RER) | show 🗑
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Sommth ER (SER) | show 🗑
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show | Packages materials for lysosomes, peroxisomes, secretory vesicles, and membrane segments that are used to replenish the cell membrane.
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Lysosome | show 🗑
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Peroxisomes | show 🗑
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Ribosomes | show 🗑
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show | Located w/i the cytosol
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show | Bound to the RER
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show | Confers strength and flexibility to the cytoplasm; provides support and shape to the cell.
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Microtubules | show 🗑
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Microfilaments | show 🗑
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Intermediate Filaments | show 🗑
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Thick Filaments | show 🗑
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show | Directs the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Forms the bases of cilia and flagella
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Cilia | show 🗑
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Flagellum | show 🗑
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Microvilli | show 🗑
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show | G1; cells are active/ proteins being made
S; DNA replicates itself
G2; enzymes are synthesized
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Prophase | show 🗑
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Metaphase | show 🗑
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Anaphase | show 🗑
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show | Nuclear membranes form and the nuclei enlarge as the chromosomes begin to uncoil
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show | Contractile ring forms a cleavage furrow squeezes the cells apart.
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Tissue is defined as | show 🗑
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show | The study of tissues
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The four primary tissue types are | show 🗑
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show | Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity who's purposes are protection, sensory reception, secretion, absorption, ion transport.
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show | Microvilli; increase epithelial surface area; may anchor sheets of mucous
Stereocilia; very long microvilli that can not move
Cilia; move fluid, usually mucous
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Epithelial Lateral Surface Features | show 🗑
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Epithelial Basal Surface Features | show 🗑
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Simple Epithelia | show 🗑
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Stratified Epithelia | show 🗑
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show | a simple epithelium that contains both short and tall cells; pseudostratified columnar
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show | Flattened cytoplasm and nucleus
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show | Spherical Nucleus
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show | Oval or elongated nucleus, usually located basally
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show | Stratifies epithelium that stretches and changes shape due to the expansion of their cells' lumens (open spaces)
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show | Lines alveoli of lungs; seen in endothelium of blood vessels and mesothelium of the ventral body cavity;Molecules diffuse through the delicate and thin layer of flat cells
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium | show 🗑
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show | kidney tubules and ducts + secretory portions of small glands. (secretion + absorption)
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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium is found in the | show 🗑
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show | Non- ciliated is found in the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, ducts and glands
Ciliated is found in the bronchi, uterine tubes, and the uterus
Main purpose is abso
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show | Rare in the body- small amounts are found in the male urethra
The main purpose is protection and secretion.
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show | Non ciliated is found in the sperm ducts
Ciliated is found in the trachea and upper respiratory tract
Its main purpose is Secretion
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Transitional Epithelium is found lining the | show 🗑
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Exocrine glands | show 🗑
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show | Produce a watery solution that contains enzymes
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show | Produce viscous, sticky mucus
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show | Produce both types of secretions
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show | Individual secretory cells that occur in epithelia containing scattered gland cells.
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show | Produce exocrine or endocrine secretions
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Endocrine glands | show 🗑
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Fibroblast | show 🗑
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show | Secrete the collagen fibers and ground substance of the matrix
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show | Inhabit small pits or cavities called lacunae
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show | Classified as atypical connective tissue because of it's structure; yet, it is a connective tissue type because it originates from mesenchyme
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RBC | show 🗑
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show | White blood cells/ leukocytes
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show | Any membrane that covers the outer surface of the body
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Mucous Membrane (mucosa) | show 🗑
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Serous membrane (serosa) | show 🗑
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Skeletal Muscle | show 🗑
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show | Branching cells have a striated appearance; one nucleus; presence of intercalated discs
special cellular junctions
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show | No visible striations; one centrally located nucleus; spindle shaped cells; usually functions in propelling substances through hollow organs
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Neurons | show 🗑
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Neuralgia( supporting cells) | show 🗑
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Functions of Integumentary system | show 🗑
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Keratinocytes | show 🗑
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show | Produce melanin
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Merkel Cells | show 🗑
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Langerhan Cells | show 🗑
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Stratum Basale/ Germinativum (basal Layer) | show 🗑
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Stratum Spinosum | show 🗑
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Stratum Granulosum (Granular layer) | show 🗑
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Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer) (Does not stain well) | show 🗑
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Stratum Corneum (horny layer) | show 🗑
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show | Divided into papillary + reticular; Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, scattered white blood cells; supplied w. nerve fibers + blood vessels; nourishment + temp regulation
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show | Most numerous type
Produces true sweat (99% H2o, 1% electrolytes)
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show | sweat cools the skin surface and reduces body temp
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Functions of sweat; excretion of | show 🗑
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show | Via dilution of chemicals on the skin and via bactericidal effects.
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Apocrine | show 🗑
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show | Milk producing glands
Related to apocrine sweat glands
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show | Auditory canal (ears)
Cerumen (earwax)
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The Scientific study of the structure of the human body is | show 🗑
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show | systems
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The body is placed in what position? | show 🗑
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show | abdominopelvic cavity
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show | Thoracic Cavity
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The body cavity surrounded by the hipbone is called the | show 🗑
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The term "arm" in anatomy refers to the region between the | show 🗑
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The term "leg" in anatomy refers to the region between the | show 🗑
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show | Cellular
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The lungs belong to the | show 🗑
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The stomach belongs to the | show 🗑
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show | extracellular fluid
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show | cytosol
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What stricture in a cell is mostly composed of a phospholipid bilayer? | show 🗑
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show | Mitochondria
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Which organelle makes protein for use outside the cell? | show 🗑
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Which organelle in the cell produces lipids? | show 🗑
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show | Nucleus
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show | Nucleolus
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show | Prophase
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When in the cell cycle do chromosomes first split apart? | show 🗑
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The division of the cytoplasm occurs in what part of the cell cycle? | show 🗑
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show | Building something; ribosomes
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Catabolism | show 🗑
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Axial | show 🗑
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Appendicular | show 🗑
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show | lying down w/ fave up
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Prone | show 🗑
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How many Phalanges does a human have? | show 🗑
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How many digits does a human have? | show 🗑
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show | A two layer serous membrane
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show | liquid in the cell
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Ribosomes Produce | show 🗑
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Diffusion | show 🗑
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show | High Concentration to low concentration. Solvent is moving. (H2o)
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show | Requires ATP, Against concentration gradient, low concentration to high concentration, (going up river)
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show | Active and moving two things
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show | cell drinking
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Phagocytosis | show 🗑
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Mitochondria | show 🗑
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show | cell seperation
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show | Atoms- building blocks of matter
Combine to form small molecules and larger macromolecules
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show | Cells are comprised of molecules
Smallest living units in the body
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Tissue Level | show 🗑
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Organ Level | show 🗑
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Organ system Level | show 🗑
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show | The highest level of structural organization. Combination of all organ systems functioning together to sustain the life of the organism.
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Integumentary System | show 🗑
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Skeletal System | show 🗑
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show | Produces Motion
Provides Support
Produces Heat
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show | Control Center of body. Responds ti internal + external stimuli by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
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Endocrine System | show 🗑
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show | Comprised of the heart, blood vessels, and blood to transport materials w/i the body. Respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes
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Lymphoid (lymphatic/immune system) | show 🗑
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Respiratory System | show 🗑
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show | Processing food + absorbing nutrients
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show | Eliminate excess water, salts, and nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water electrolyte, and acid base balance of the blood
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show | Produces sex cells and hormones for the purpose of producing offspring
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show | Person standing upright, arms at sides, palms facing forward feet flat on floor, face straight ahead
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show | Head. Neck, Torso
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show | upper and lower limbs
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Cephalon (Cephalic) | show 🗑
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show | neck region
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show | chest region
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show | upper arm
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Antebrachium (antebrachial) | show 🗑
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Carpus (carpal) | show 🗑
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Manus (manual) | show 🗑
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Pollicis (pollex) | show 🗑
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Abdomen (abdominal) | show 🗑
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Umbilicus (umbilical) | show 🗑
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show | pelvic region
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inguen (inguinal) | show 🗑
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Pubis (pubic) | show 🗑
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Lumbus (lumbar) | show 🗑
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show | buttock region
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show | thigh
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show | kneecap
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Crus(crural) | show 🗑
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Sura (sural) | show 🗑
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show | ankle
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show | foot
(pedals of a bike)
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Plants (plantar) | show 🗑
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Hallux (hallux) | show 🗑
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show | Thin serous membrane that lines the chest walls
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show | thin serous membrane that adheres to the lungs
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show | Fills the pleural cavity between the layers of the serous membrane
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Parietal Pericardium | show 🗑
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show | The thin serous membrane that adheres to the heart surface
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show | Fills the pericardial cavity between the layers of the serous membrane
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Parietal Peritoneum | show 🗑
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Visceral peritoneum | show 🗑
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Kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and ureters are retroperitoneal baecause | show 🗑
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Absorption | show 🗑
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show | Thin skin
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Merocrine and ericrine glands both produce sweat via | show 🗑
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show | Periosteum (DICT)
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show | Osteons
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show | endosteum (DICT)
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show | Osteons, Trabeculae + Spicules
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show | intervertebral discs + symphyses
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show | Epiphyses (end of bones)
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show | auricles (ears)
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show | DRCT
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show | the breakdown of bones
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Mature osteocytes are found in | show 🗑
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The structure of compact bone is | show 🗑
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show | an open network of struts and plates
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In the metaphysis you will find | show 🗑
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Epiphyses | show 🗑
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Diaphysis | show 🗑
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Osteogenesis | show 🗑
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show | Repairing the tissue (cartilage) by depositing calcium salts into tissues
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show | intramembranous (sheet of membranes)
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Passive transport | show 🗑
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Active transport | show 🗑
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Rats Prefer Houses w/ Cheese | show 🗑
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show | Fibrocytes- Fibroblasts
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show | ligaments + tendons
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Where is DICT found? | show 🗑
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show | lubricate
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show | Pain and temp
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What is an osteon? | show 🗑
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show | short
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show | long
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|
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In terms if shape, what type of bone is the sternum? | show 🗑
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In terms of shape what type are the upper bones of the cranium? | show 🗑
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The inorganic portion of bone tissue is made of what mineral shaft? | show 🗑
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A young adult has how many bones? | show 🗑
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The patella is part of which skeletal division? | show 🗑
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show | forming of the bones
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|
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The ribs are part of which skeletal division? | show 🗑
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The radius is part of which skeletal division? | show 🗑
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||||
show | short bone
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The ends of a long bone are known as the | show 🗑
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show | pectoral girdle
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show | axial skeleton
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|
||||
show | eponychium,
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|
||||
The outermost portion of a cross section of hair is known as the | show 🗑
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||||
show | Contracts when cold , secually aroused, and causes goose bumps
🗑
|
||||
show | Hair shaft
🗑
|
||||
Since hair color is determined by pigment in the cortex and the hair shaft is dead, explain the fallacy of a person's hair turning white over night | show 🗑
|
||||
Electrolysis is the process of hair removal using electric current. Explain how this might destroy the process of hair growth in relation to the hair bulb | show 🗑
|
||||
Hair of the axilla is considered determinate hair because | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Sebaceous glands
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|
||||
show | merocrine
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|
||||
show | Dermis
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|
||||
What is the most common connective tissue fiber found in the dermis? | show 🗑
|
||||
The dermis has two main layers. Which one of these is the most superficial? | show 🗑
|
||||
show | every 6 weeks
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|
||||
show | Keratin
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|
||||
What cell type [produces a pigment that darkens the skin? | show 🗑
|
||||
What is the main function of Collagenous Fibers in the integumentary system? | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Bring nutrients to the epidermis + dermis
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|
||||
What is the main function of the nerves in the integumentary system? | show 🗑
|
||||
In the cross section of bone you can usually see two types of bones, what are these? | show 🗑
|
||||
What is another name for calcium salts in the bone? | show 🗑
|
||||
What is the function of hyaline cartilage? | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Protects from wear and tear @ weight bearing or stressed joints
🗑
|
||||
What kind of fibers are in fibrocartilage? | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Perichondrium
🗑
|
||||
What is the cell type found in adipose tissue? | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Elastic connective tissue
🗑
|
||||
What is the ground substance of blood called? | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Neuron
🗑
|
||||
What type of muscle makes up most of the muscle of your arm? | show 🗑
|
||||
The heats is mostly composed of what kind of muscle? | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Smooth
🗑
|
||||
What muscle cell type has intercalated discs? | show 🗑
|
||||
show | nonstriated and involuntary
🗑
|
||||
show | striated and involuntary
🗑
|
||||
show | striated and voluntary
🗑
|
||||
What cell type lines the inside of the urinary bladder? | show 🗑
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||||
show | flat, egg shaped
🗑
|
||||
A multiple layer of flattened epithelial cells represents what cell type? | show 🗑
|
||||
A single flattened layer of cells represents what type of epithelium? | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar
🗑
|
||||
show | 1
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|
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show | basement
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|
||||
What are the four main tissues of the body | show 🗑
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Long Bones | show 🗑
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||||
show | Roughly cube- shaped
->Carpals(wrist bones); patella(also includes sesamoid bones)
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|
||||
Flat bones | show 🗑
|
||||
Irregular Bones | show 🗑
|
||||
Organization of the zones within the epiphyseal cartilage (epiphyseal to diaphyseal side) | show 🗑
|
||||
Bone deppsition | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Osteoclasts break down bone by secreting acid (which dissolves the mineral part of the matrix) and lysosomal enzymes ( which digest the organic part of the matrix).
🗑
|
||||
show | A crack of break in a bone
🗑
|
||||
show | A large blood clot that closes off the injured vessels and leaves a fibrous meshwork in the damaged area
🗑
|
||||
show | A softening of bone due to a decrease in the mineral content
🗑
|
||||
show | a painful infection in a bone, usually caused by bacteria
🗑
|
||||
Osteopenia | show 🗑
|
||||
Osteoporosis | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a supporting connective tissue with specialized cells and a solid, extracellular matrix of protein fibers and a ground substance.
🗑
|
||||
supine | show 🗑
|
||||
Cytology | show 🗑
|
||||
homeostasis | show 🗑
|
||||
lumbar | show 🗑
|
||||
show | face down
🗑
|
||||
show | all chemical activity in the body
🗑
|
||||
ventral body cavity | show 🗑
|
||||
Histology | show 🗑
|
||||
Spongy bone is formed of | show 🗑
|
||||
The basic functional unit of mature compact bone is the | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a hyaline cartilage model
🗑
|
||||
When sexual hormone production increases, bone production | show 🗑
|
||||
The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates that | show 🗑
|
||||
show | osteopenia
🗑
|
||||
The process by which the diameter of a developing bone enlarges is | show 🗑
|
||||
The sternum is an example of a | show 🗑
|
||||
a small, rough projection of a bone is termed a | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands
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|
||||
show | the dermal blood supply
pigment concentration
pigment composition
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|
||||
show | reticular layer
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|
||||
show | stratum basale
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|
||||
All of the following are effects of aging except | show 🗑
|
||||
show | synthesis of vitamin C
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|
||||
Carotene is | show 🗑
|
||||
Which best describes hair root? | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Deep fascia
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|
||||
The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of | show 🗑
|
||||
show | elastic cartolage
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|
||||
An epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by | show 🗑
|
||||
Which of the following are wandering cells found in connective tissue proper? | show 🗑
|
||||
show | glycocalyx
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|
||||
show | a lower concentration of dissolved proteins
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|
||||
show | continual change in the characteristics of membranes
increases in the size of the cell
response of the cell to a specific environmental stimulus
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|
||||
If a cell lacks mitochondria, the direct result will be that it cannot | show 🗑
|
||||
show | synthesis, storage, transport
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|
||||
show | permit the free passage of some materials but restrict passage of others
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|
||||
show | Phagocytosis
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|
||||
show | internal transport of nutrients, wastes and gases
🗑
|
||||
show | esophagus,trachea, thymus
🗑
|
||||
show | lymphatic system
🗑
|
||||
show | brachial
🗑
|
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