Key terms from IOC4 Module 3
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| 1510-1544 First European to explore the Southwest. He search for Cibola (The City of Gold) | Coronado
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| 1485-1547 Overthrew the Aztec empires and claimed Mexico for Spain in 1521 | Hernan Cortes
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| 1500-1542 First Spanish explorer to sail the Atlantic and the first European to explore Florida and southeastern US | Hernando de Soto
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| 1497 - First English sponsored explorer and earliest to lay claim to North America | John Cabot
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| 1545-1596 Mayor of Plymouth, led the second circumnavigation trip from 1577-1580. | Sir Francis Drake
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| 1580-1631 Founder and Leader of Jamestown Virginia. Life was saved by Pocahontas. | John Smith
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| 1565-1611 Explored Arctic ocean and parts of North America. 1609-Was hired by Dutch East India co. to find the NW passage. | Henry Hudson
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| 1554-1618 First English settlement attempt in 1585 at Roanoke Island. | Sir Walter Raleigh
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| 1491-1557 French explorer who led three expeditions to Canada 1534, 1535, 1541 looking for the NW Passage. | Jacques Cartier
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| 1567-1635 French explorer who mapped much of NE North America and started settlement in Quebec. | Samuel de Champlain
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| 1643-1687 First European to travel the entire Mississippi River (1682). Named Mississippi basin "Louisiana" after Louis XIV | Sieur de La Salle
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| 1451-1506 First European to sail across the Atlantic. He made for trips sailing for Ferdinand II and Isabella of Spain | Christopher Columbus (sailing for Spain)
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| 1454-1512 First person to realize that the Americas were separate from Asia. | Amerigo Vespucci (sailing for Portugal)
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| 1485-1528 Explored NE America looking for NW passage in 1524. Eaten by Caribbean Indians in 1528. | Giovanni Da Verrazano: Sailed for France
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| Exchange of plans, animals, foods, humans, ideas and diseases between E&W hemispheres. Brought great destruction upon N&S indigenous populations. | Columbian Exchange
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| Indigenous populations existing in the Americas prior to Spanish and English explorers | Pre-colonial Civilizations
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| Empire flourished from around 1200 to the 1530s. Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Chile. Cities such as Cuzco, the capital, consisted of stone houses and religious buildings | Inca
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| modern nation of Mexico. Dominated central Mexico as far south as Guatemala from around 1200 to 1525. capital, Tenochtitlán | Aztec
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| tribe of Native Americans who live in the Pacific Northwest region (Columbia River Plateau) of the United States. | Nez Perce
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| North American Plains Indian tribe who lived on the Platte River, Nebraska, from before the 16th century to the latter part of the 19th century. | Pawnee
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| The confederation of tribes known in history, among other names, by that of the Five Nations, comprising the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca. Formed sometime around 1570 | Iroquoi
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| ounded by Samuel de Champlain in 1608, area had been previously explored and visited by Cartier in 1541 | Quebec
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| 673 - Pere Jacques Marquette journeyed down the Mississippi, La Salle traveled the length in 1682 and named Louisiana | Mississippi Valley
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| New Netherlands - Home to New Amsterdam and Fort Orange. | Early Dutch colonies
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| First attempt atEnglish settlement in 1585 by Sir Walter Raleigh. Three unsuccessful attempts were made to inhabit the island. | Roanoke
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| Found in 1607 - First permanent English settlement in North America. Success was based on exports (tobacco, wood) | Jamestown
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| Joint-stock company founded in 1606 (originally London Company) sent John Smith and settlers | Virginia Company
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| Early leader in Jamestown, saved by Pocahontas. Took control of Virginia and instituted order. | John Smith
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| Native American who married John Rolfe, saved John Smith's live. Daughter of Wahunsunacock (Chief Powhatan) | Pocahontas
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| 1628 - James Winthrop, founded as a refuge for Puritans. Immigrants moved as nuclear families creating an even gender ratio and a more stable colony. The believed that they were serve as the "city on the hill" or a shining example for other colonies. | Massachusetts Bay Colony
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| Colony founded by the Pilgrims when they landed in New England instead of Virginia as intended | Plymouth
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| Member of a reformed Protestant sec in Europe and America that insisted on removing Catholic vestiges from all religious practice. | Puritans
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| 1620 - Agreement among the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower to create a civil government at Plymouth Colony. | Mayflower compact
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| Massive migration of entire families and founding of several colonies based on the awareness that the king was less likely to interfere in colonial business. | Great Migration
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| 1634 Founded to be a refuge for English Catholics. Lord Baltimore encouraged "liberty of conscience" and religious tolerance, wanted to base the formation upon the feudal system. | Maryland
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| Original charter holders for the Maryland colony. George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) believed that it could be a haven for English Catholics. 1632 Charles I granted Celcius the charter on Chesapeake Bay. | George and Celcius Calvert
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| Catholic churches that take lead and direction from the Pope in Rome. | Roman Catholic Churches
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| Founded in 1663 as a commercial venture by Anthony Ashley Cooper. | Carolina
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| Most of the wealth owners and traditions for plantation style development came from the Caribbean islands | Caribbean connection
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| Process of awarding or purchasing land from the government. In the Carolinas it was not possible to possess land simply by squatting on the land. | Land Grants
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| 1681- William Penn founded the colony as a refuge for the Quakers. Primary export was grain. | Pennsylvania
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| Found of Pennsylvania, believed in religious freedom and mixed in aristocracy with personal freedom. | Wiliam Penn
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| Members of a radical religious group formally known as the "society of friends". They rejected formal theology and stressed each individuals "inner light" that was their guide to righteousness. | Quakers
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| 1664 - Sir George Carteret. Consolidation of New English territory and Quaker settlemen | New Jersey
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| 1773 - James Oglethorpe Established to discourage Spanish expansion and as a Charity. | Georgia
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| British general and member of parliament who founded Georgia as an asylum, a garrison, and a fresh start for London debtors | General Oglethorpe
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| System of awarding land based on adding additional dependants or men. In general 50 acres per head. | Headright system
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| Individuals who contracted to serve a master for a set number of years in exchange for the cost of boat transport to America. Indentured servants were the primary form of labor in Chesapeake colonies before slavery. | Indentured Servitude
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| the political unit of Spanish territories in North America and its dependencies in Asia-Pacific. The territory included the present-day Southwestern United States, Central America, the Caribbean, and the Philippines. | New Spain
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| 16th century Spanish adventurers who subdued the native Americans and created the Spanish Empire in the new world. | Conquistadores
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| The overthrow of the Aztec and Incan empires by the Spanish forces. | Spanish Conquest
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| Labor system designed by Spanish rulers to reward the conquistadors in the New World by granting them local villages and control over native labor. | Encomienda System
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