Glossary of key words for C1- Carbon Chemistry
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| Addition polymer | A very long molecule resulting from polymerisation, e.g. polythene.
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| Alkanes | A family of hydrocarbons found in crude oil with single covalent bonds, e.g. methane.
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| Alkenes | A family of hydrocarbons with one double covalent bond between carbon atoms, e.g. ethene.
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| Balanced symbol equation | A symbolic representation showing the kind and amount of the starting materials and products of a reaction.
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| Biodegradable | A biodegradable material can be broken down by microorganisms.
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| Bitumen | Thick tar-like substance that does not boil in a fractionating column.
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| Boiling point | Temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas.
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| Breathable fabric | Gore-tex like material that allows water vapour to escape.
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| Bromine | Orange substance used to test for alkenes. A liquid corrosive halogen.
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| Butane | An alkane of 4 carbon atoms, part of LPG.
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| Carbon cycle | A natural cycle through which carbon moves by respiration, photosynthesis and combustion in the form of carbon dioxide.
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| Carbon dioxide | Gas present in the atmosphere at a low percentage but important in respiration, photosynthesis and combustion.
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| Carbon footprint | The total amount of greenhouse gases given off by a person in given time.
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| Carbon monoxide | Poisonous gas made when fuels burn in a shortage of oxygen.
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| Catalyst | Substance added to a chemical reaction to alter the speed of a reaction- it is not used up during the reaction.
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| Catalytic converters | Boxes fitted to vehicle exhausts which reduce the level of nitrogen oxides and unburnt hydrocarbons in the exhaust fumes.
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| Colloid | A liquid with small particles dispersed throughout it, forming neither solution nor sediment.
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| Combustion | Process where fuels react with oxygen to produce heat.
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| Complete combustion | When fuels burn in excess of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water only.
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| Covalent bond | Bond between two atoms where and electron pair is shared.
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| Cracking | The process of making small hydrocarbon molecules from larger hydrocarbon molecules using a catalyst.
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| Cross links | Links between two adjacent polymer chains that stop the movement of the molecules, which makes the plastic more rigid.
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| Crude oil | Black material mined from the Earth from which petrol and many other products are made.
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| Decolourise | Turn from a coloured solution to a colourless solution.
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| Decomposes | Chemically broken down.
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| Deforestation | Removal of large areas of trees.
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| di-Bromo compound | Colourless compound resulting from an alkene and bromine solution.
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| Dispersion | Particles spreading out in a colloid.
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| Displayed formula | When the formula of a chemical is written showing all the atoms and all the bonds.
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| Disposal | Getting rid of unwanted substances such as plastics.
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| Double covalent bond | Covalent bond where each atom shares two electrons with the other atom.
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| Ethene | An alkene containing 2 carbon atoms, it is produced during the process of cracking.
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| Finite resource | Resources, such as oil that will eventually run out.
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| Fossil fuels | Fuels such as coal, oil and gas.
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| Global warming | The increase in the Earth’s temperature due to increases in carbon dioxide levels.
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| Greenhouse gas | Any of the gases whose absorption of infrared radiation from the Earth’s surface is responsible for the greenhouse effect, e.g. carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour.
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| Infrared waves | Non-ionising waves that produce heat- used in toasters and electric fires and given off by the surface of the Earth to warm the atmosphere.
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| Melting point | Temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.
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| Non-renewable energy | Energy which is used up at a faster rate than it can be replaced, e.g. fossil fuels.
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| Renewable energy | Energy that can be replenished at eh same rate that it’s used up, e.g. biofuels.
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| Temperature | A measure of the degree of hotness of a body on and arbitrary scale.
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