Chemistry Q4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| the process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to slow decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance | embalming
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| the primary purpose of embalming | disinfection
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| the secondary purpose of embalming | preservation
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| the tertiary purpose of embalming | restoration
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| embalming chemicals cause a ______ change in the body's proteins | chemical
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| the fundamental building blocks for cells and tissues | proteins
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| what two organic compounds are found in amino acids? | amines & organic acids
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| amino acids are held together by ______ bonds | peptide
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| covalent bonds are formed when a ____ reacts with an ____, releasing a molecule of ______ | carboxyl group; amino group; water
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| a substance breaking down in the presence of water | hydrolysis
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| the purpose of embalming is to _____ enzymes | neutralize
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| proteins are relatively ____ molecules | large
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| proteins are polymers of ____ ____ | amino acids
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| general formula for amines | R-NH2
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| general formula for organic acids | R-COOH
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| enzymes are biological catalysts, which means they ____ ____ chemical reactions | speed up
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| the decomposition of proteins would take a very long time without _____ | enzymes
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| enzymes ____ the rate of decomposition | increase
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| after somatic death, enzymes ____ ____ ____ performing their functions in the body | do not stop
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| the "self-digestion" in cells by enzymes in the cells themselves | autolysis
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| disinfection before the embalming procedure begins | primary disinfection
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| disinfection during the embalming operation | concurrent disinfection
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| disinfection after the embalming procedure to protect the environment | terminal disinfection
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| 3 families of preservatives used in embalming fluids | 1. aldehydes
2. alcohols
3. phenols
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| 5 characteristics of preservatives | 1. inactivate the chemical groups of proteins & amino acids
2. inhibit further decomp
3. inactivate enzymes (tissues & microorganisms)
4. kill microorganisms
5. destroy/mask odors
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| the location of ___ in proteins are potential sites of decomposition | nitrogen
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| change of protein structure; decreases the likelihood that a protein will hydrolyze | coagulation
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| enzymes are important catalysts of _____ | hydrolysis
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| enzymes are very similar to ____, so preservatives will inactivate enzymes similarly | proteins
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| the chemical change that occurs during embalming deprives bacteria of their ____ | nutrition
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| preservative chemicals denature the structural proteins of ___ themselves | bacteria
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| the same chemical actions that cause fixation of the tissues of the remains will produce fixation of ____ ____ | bacterial invaders
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| the odors associated the decomposition are principally due to the formation of ____ | amines
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| the decomposition of structural proteins produces amines such as ___, ___, ___, and ___ | putrescine, cadaverine, indole, skatole
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| decomposition of ___-containing proteins also contributes to odors | sulfur
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| preservative chemicals react with the ___ to effectively neutralize the odor | nitrogen
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| HCHO and water produce _____ _____ | methylene glycol
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| methyl/methylene bridge | -CH2
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| methanol _____ the polymerization of formaldehyde | prevents
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| the main chemical action of HCHO in embalming is the ____ of protein | coagulation
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| coagulation is brought about by ____ ____ of the peptide bonds of adjacent proteins | cross-linking
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| changes in proteins brought about by HCHO | 1. increased viscosity
2. tissue firming
3. increased resistance to digestive enzymes
4. decreased water solubility & hydrolysis
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| an abundance of ___ can reverse the embalming process by hydrolyzing the cross-links | water
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| formaldehyde is destroyed in strong ____ | bases
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| amines and ammonia are strong ____ | bases
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| formaldehyde and hemoglobin produces ____ | methemoglobin
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| methemoglobin can change a body ____ | black
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| in the embalming formula, preservative demand is represented by ___ | C1
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| too ____ solutions or too ____ rate of flow can cause a walling off action | concentrated, high
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| the movement of fluid from the point of injection to the tissues | distribution
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| the movement of fluid into the tissues | diffusion
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