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Chemistry Q4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to slow decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance | embalming |
| the primary purpose of embalming | disinfection |
| the secondary purpose of embalming | preservation |
| the tertiary purpose of embalming | restoration |
| embalming chemicals cause a ______ change in the body's proteins | chemical |
| the fundamental building blocks for cells and tissues | proteins |
| what two organic compounds are found in amino acids? | amines & organic acids |
| amino acids are held together by ______ bonds | peptide |
| covalent bonds are formed when a ____ reacts with an ____, releasing a molecule of ______ | carboxyl group; amino group; water |
| a substance breaking down in the presence of water | hydrolysis |
| the purpose of embalming is to _____ enzymes | neutralize |
| proteins are relatively ____ molecules | large |
| proteins are polymers of ____ ____ | amino acids |
| general formula for amines | R-NH2 |
| general formula for organic acids | R-COOH |
| enzymes are biological catalysts, which means they ____ ____ chemical reactions | speed up |
| the decomposition of proteins would take a very long time without _____ | enzymes |
| enzymes ____ the rate of decomposition | increase |
| after somatic death, enzymes ____ ____ ____ performing their functions in the body | do not stop |
| the "self-digestion" in cells by enzymes in the cells themselves | autolysis |
| disinfection before the embalming procedure begins | primary disinfection |
| disinfection during the embalming operation | concurrent disinfection |
| disinfection after the embalming procedure to protect the environment | terminal disinfection |
| 3 families of preservatives used in embalming fluids | 1. aldehydes 2. alcohols 3. phenols |
| 5 characteristics of preservatives | 1. inactivate the chemical groups of proteins & amino acids 2. inhibit further decomp 3. inactivate enzymes (tissues & microorganisms) 4. kill microorganisms 5. destroy/mask odors |
| the location of ___ in proteins are potential sites of decomposition | nitrogen |
| change of protein structure; decreases the likelihood that a protein will hydrolyze | coagulation |
| enzymes are important catalysts of _____ | hydrolysis |
| enzymes are very similar to ____, so preservatives will inactivate enzymes similarly | proteins |
| the chemical change that occurs during embalming deprives bacteria of their ____ | nutrition |
| preservative chemicals denature the structural proteins of ___ themselves | bacteria |
| the same chemical actions that cause fixation of the tissues of the remains will produce fixation of ____ ____ | bacterial invaders |
| the odors associated the decomposition are principally due to the formation of ____ | amines |
| the decomposition of structural proteins produces amines such as ___, ___, ___, and ___ | putrescine, cadaverine, indole, skatole |
| decomposition of ___-containing proteins also contributes to odors | sulfur |
| preservative chemicals react with the ___ to effectively neutralize the odor | nitrogen |
| HCHO and water produce _____ _____ | methylene glycol |
| methyl/methylene bridge | -CH2 |
| methanol _____ the polymerization of formaldehyde | prevents |
| the main chemical action of HCHO in embalming is the ____ of protein | coagulation |
| coagulation is brought about by ____ ____ of the peptide bonds of adjacent proteins | cross-linking |
| changes in proteins brought about by HCHO | 1. increased viscosity 2. tissue firming 3. increased resistance to digestive enzymes 4. decreased water solubility & hydrolysis |
| an abundance of ___ can reverse the embalming process by hydrolyzing the cross-links | water |
| formaldehyde is destroyed in strong ____ | bases |
| amines and ammonia are strong ____ | bases |
| formaldehyde and hemoglobin produces ____ | methemoglobin |
| methemoglobin can change a body ____ | black |
| in the embalming formula, preservative demand is represented by ___ | C1 |
| too ____ solutions or too ____ rate of flow can cause a walling off action | concentrated, high |
| the movement of fluid from the point of injection to the tissues | distribution |
| the movement of fluid into the tissues | diffusion |
Created by:
leahmurphy
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