Salts and Electrolysis Glossary
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| Acid | A sour substance which can attack metal, clothing or skin. The chemical opposite of an alkali. When dissolved in water, its solution has a pH number of less than 7. Acids are proton (H+ ion) donors.
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| Alkali | Its solution has a pH of more than 7.
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| Aluminium | A low density, corrosion resistant, metal used in many alloys including those used in the aircraft industry.
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| Aqueous Solution | The mixture made by adding a soluble substance to water.
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| Base | The oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of a metal that will react with an acid, forming a salt as one of the products. (If the base dissolves in water it is called and alkali). Bases are proton (H+ ion) acceptors.
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| Brine | A solution of sodium chloride in water.
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| Electrolysis | The breakdown of a substance containing ions by electricity.
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| Electrolyte | A liquid, containing free-moving ions, that is broken down by electricity in the process of electrolysis.
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| Half Equation | An equation that describes reduction (gain of electrons) or oxidation (loss of electrons), such as the reactions that take place at the electrodes during electrolysis.
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| Neutral | A solution with a pH value of 7 which is neither acidic nor alkaline. Alternatively, something that carries no overall electronic charge- neither positively or negatively charged.
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| Neutralisation | The chemical reaction of an acid with a base in which they cancel each other out, forming a salt and water. If the base is a carbonate or hydrogencarbonate, carbon dioxide is also produced in the reaction.
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| Oxidation | The reaction when oxygen is added to a substance (or when electrons are lost).
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| Oxidised | A reaction when oxygen is added to a substance (or when electrons are lost).
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| pH Scale | A number which shows how strongly acidic or alkaline a solution is. Acids have a pH value of less than 7 (pH 1 is strongly acidic). Alkalis have a pH value above 7 (pH 14 is strongly alkaline). A neutral liquid has a pH value of 7.
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| Reduction | A reaction in which oxygen is removed (or electrons are gained).
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| Salt | A compound formed when some or all of the hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal ( or by an ammonium ion). For example, potassium nitrate KNO3 (from nitric acid)
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| Universal Indicator | A mixture of indicators which can change through a range of colours depending on the pH of the solution. Its colour is matched to a pH number using a pH scale. It shows how strongly acidic or alkaline liquids and solutions are.
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