Clin Med II
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| show | storage
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| show | mixing
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| show | converts food to chyme
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| accessory organs of the GI system | show 🗑
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| show | food enters, digestion begins, hydrolysis (salivary breakdown forms a bolus (food ball)) occurs, chewing, & swallowing
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| show | keeps air from entering tube
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| chyme | show 🗑
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| show | most fxn in duodenum & jejunum; ileum responsible for transport; first place nutrients are absorbed
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| large intestine | show 🗑
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| 4 basic digestive processes of the stomach | show 🗑
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| motility | show 🗑
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| storage | show 🗑
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| show | strength of contraction, amount chyme in stomach, the presence of fat, acid, hypertonicity, or distension in the duodenum;
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| mucosal lining of the stomach | show 🗑
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| show | cephalic phase, gastric phase,& intestine phase
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| cephalic phase | show 🗑
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| show | food reaches stomach: protein in stomach stims release of gastrin==> HCL & pepsinogen secretion
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| Intestine phase | show 🗑
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| role of HCL | show 🗑
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| two non-nutrient substances absorbed in stomach | show 🗑
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| show | mixes & propels chyme via pacesetter cells in the sm intestine; ringl9ike contractions initiate peristalsis
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| show | int house=keeper; pushes out any remaining food
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| achalasia | show 🗑
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| show | foods, caffeine, alcohol, CNS depressant meds, systemic scleroderma
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| show | high-protein food, obesity, tight clothes
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| show | acute gastritis (hemorrhagic or erosive, associated w/ serious illness & various meds (NSAIDS))); chronic gastritis (asymptomatic)
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| chronic gastritis | show 🗑
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| acute gastritis | show 🗑
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| dx of gastritis | show 🗑
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| pyloric stenosis | show 🗑
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| show | attributed to H. pylori bact; contributes to 90% of stomach tumors; common location: lesser curvature of prepyloric antrum; asymptomatic early on; postop chemo ineffective; palpation of L supraclavicular lymph node
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| peptic ulcer | show 🗑
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| show | lining of stomach; usu at lesser curvature on post wall
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| show | usu in duodenal bulb or cap (closest portion of duodenum to the stomach)
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| show | painless until perforation or hemorrhage; upset to aggressive-defense balance (sympathetic response) & ischemia to gastric mucosa
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| classic symptoms of peptic ulcers | show 🗑
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| antisecretory drugs | show 🗑
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| show | SBP under 100 mmHg, pulse rate >100 bpm, & drop of 10 mmHg or more in DBP
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| upper GI | show 🗑
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| esophagus | show 🗑
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| show | cecum to anus (includes appendix)
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| fistulae | show 🗑
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| preparation for lower GI tests | show 🗑
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| show | detects presence of microscopic or invisible blood in feces; blood in stool may be only symptom of early colorectal CA; to determine cause of anemia; usually want to take multiple tests: 3 diff tests on 3 diff days for intermittent bleeding
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| show | black, tar-like BM, indicating CA
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| show | can detect presence of dz-causing bact or infection of digestive tract
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| Imaging studies | show 🗑
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| barium enema | show 🗑
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| defecography | show 🗑
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| colorectal transit study | show 🗑
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| show | used to directly visualize abdominal & pelvic organs when a pathological condition is expected; colectomy & appendectomy improve;
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| show | most cmn disorder of the GI system; a group of symptoms; no inflammation; affects colon & SI; a fxn'l disorder, not due to structural or biological probs; altered GI motility, visc hypersensitivity, altered processing of info by nervous system
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| show | abnormal intestinal contractions due to stress & chems in food; 3 mos of abdominal pain & at least 3 of the following sxs: bloating, passage of mucus, changes in stool form, stool freq alterations, difficulty passing bowel; LLQ pain
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| inflammatory bowel dz (IBD) | show 🗑
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| show | can affect all wall layers, but w/ normal layers in between; accumulation of intestinal content breaches mucosal barrier resulting in chronic inflammation; narrows intestinal lumen; incurable
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| show | no normal layers btwn damaged layers; damages mucosa & submucosal chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding w/ ulcerations, lg intestine primarily affected; abscess formation, necrosis; cured by colon resection
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| PT considerations for CD & UC | show 🗑
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| show | increased risk in men 40+; high mortality rate b/c no early screening tests; Risk factors: sedentary lifestyle, diet, obesity, UC, CD, other cancers, adenometous polyps; asymptomatic until metastasis; incr'd physical activity helps prevention
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| show | tumor marker for GI CA's, esp in advanced & recurrent CA's
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| show | diverticulosis (stage 1) & diverticulitis (stage 2); risk factors: low fiber diet, chronic constipation, weakness or atrophy of bowel muscle,
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| show | herniation of mucosa & submucosa through muscular layers (diverticula); bld supply decr'd; common, everyday, asymptomatic phase; incr'd urgency to defecate
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| diverticulitis | show 🗑
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| malabsorption diseases | show 🗑
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| malabsorption diseases | show 🗑
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| appendicitis | show 🗑
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Created by:
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