Chapter 15 test
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| Carboxylic acids form ____ bonds to each other, and to ____ molecules like water. | Hydrogen, polar
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| The energy of ATP is made available through hydrolysis of either of the ____ ____ bonds. This is a/an ____ bond | Phosphoric anhydride, Exothermic
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| Polyesters are formed by reacting a _____ acid with a ______ | Dicarboxylic acid, dialcohol
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| Carboxylic acid can be made by the _____ of a _____ or a _____. | Oxidation of a primary alcohol or aldehyde,
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| Carboxylic acids behave as acids because they're ___ ____ and are ____ acids that disassociate to form _____ ions. | Proton donors, Weak.
Carboxylate ions
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| ____ carboxylic acids re soluble in H2O | smaller
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| General structure of esters | R-(carbonyl group) -O-R
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| Carboxylic acids contain 2 structural units: | -OH
-O=C
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| Functional groups carboxylic acids | -COOH
-0=COH
-CO2H
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| _____molecular weight carboxylic acids have a ______ taste and _____ aromas | lower,
sharp/sour,
unpleasant
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| Carboxylic acids boil at increased temps because of ____ ____ bonding. | intermolecular hydrogen
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| The pathway by which fatty acids are oxidized to produce ATP | Beta-oxidation
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| When the phosphoryl group is transferred to molecules, some of the energy resides in the ______molecules, thereby _____ it. | phosphorylated molecules,
energizing
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| Can be used for foods that must be packaged at high temperatures | PEN
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| Cellular enzymes carry out a reaction between a thiol and a carboxylic acid to produce a _____ | thioester
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| The citric acid cycle is an ___ _____ pathway that completely ____ the acetyl group to two ______ molecules | energy harvesting,
oxidizes ,
CO2
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| Condensed formula of propionic acid, and what it's found in. | CH3CH2COOH,
Swiss cheese
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| Butyric acid, and what it's found in | CH3CH2CH2COOH
rancid butter
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| The ____ chain carboxylic acids re generally called fatty acids. | fatty acids
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| Longer chain carboxylic acids are important components of ____ ____ and ____ | biological membranes and triglycerides
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| Common name and condensed structure of acetic acid. | Vinegar,
CH3COOH
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| Simplest aromatic carboxylic acid name | benzoic acid
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| Fatty acids are _____ chain ___-acids. | long chain,
monocarboxylic acids
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| Most complex carboxylic acids are also found in ____ ____ like ____ ____ | food stuffs like citric acid
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| Condensed form of formic acid and what it's found in. | HCOOH
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| Mylar is used to make | balloons, recording tape, and photographic film
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| PETE is used to make | shatter-proof plastic bottles
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| The ___ ends of soap dissolves in water, the ____ part is repelled by water. | carboxylate,
hydrocarbon
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| ATP consists of ____ base and a _____ _____ of the 5-carbon sugar _____ | nitrogenous base,
phosphate ester
ribose
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| ____(_____)____acid gives tartness to soda and helps to prevent spoilage | Adipic (hexndioc)
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| ____acid is produced by bacteria in milk and is used as a food preservative. | Lactic
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| Soaps are made from | Water, a strong base, natural fats & oils
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| Esters are mildly ___ and smell ____. They're found in things like ____oil and ____berries. | polar,
good,
banana oil,
raspberries
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| Large nonpolar hydrocarbon part of a molecule is ____. The highly polar carboxylate end is_____. | hyrophobic,
hydrophilic
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| Particles of oil or grease by soap molecules. | micelle
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| Soaps are ___ chain carboxylic acids and are ___ salts. | long,
ionic
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| Te triphosphate group attached to ribose is made up of | 3 phosphate groups bonded to one another by phosphoric anhyride bonds.
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| Condensation polymers are formed by the _____ of ____ in a reaction that forms a small molecules such as water or an alcohol. | polymerization of monomers
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| Polyesters re ___-polymeres, also known s ________ polymers. | hetero- ,
condensation
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| The base catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester is called | saponification
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| Fats and oils are _____ of the alcohol _____. | triesters,
glycerol
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| Esters are ____ ______ derivatives formed from the rxn of a ____ with an _____. | carboxylic acid,
carboxylic acids with an alcohol
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| Esters boil at the approximate same temperatures as ____ + _____ of comparable _______weight. | aldehydes and ketones,
molecular
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| The reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and H2O | Esterification
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| General structure acetyl group esters | R-(carbonyl group)-OR
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| General structure diphatic carboxylic acids | R-(carbonyl group)-OH
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| General structure aromatic carboxylic acids | Ar-(Carboynyl group)-OH
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