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Chem 111
Chapter 15 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carboxylic acids form ____ bonds to each other, and to ____ molecules like water. | Hydrogen, polar |
| The energy of ATP is made available through hydrolysis of either of the ____ ____ bonds. This is a/an ____ bond | Phosphoric anhydride, Exothermic |
| Polyesters are formed by reacting a _____ acid with a ______ | Dicarboxylic acid, dialcohol |
| Carboxylic acid can be made by the _____ of a _____ or a _____. | Oxidation of a primary alcohol or aldehyde, |
| Carboxylic acids behave as acids because they're ___ ____ and are ____ acids that disassociate to form _____ ions. | Proton donors, Weak. Carboxylate ions |
| ____ carboxylic acids re soluble in H2O | smaller |
| General structure of esters | R-(carbonyl group) -O-R |
| Carboxylic acids contain 2 structural units: | -OH -O=C |
| Functional groups carboxylic acids | -COOH -0=COH -CO2H |
| _____molecular weight carboxylic acids have a ______ taste and _____ aromas | lower, sharp/sour, unpleasant |
| Carboxylic acids boil at increased temps because of ____ ____ bonding. | intermolecular hydrogen |
| The pathway by which fatty acids are oxidized to produce ATP | Beta-oxidation |
| When the phosphoryl group is transferred to molecules, some of the energy resides in the ______molecules, thereby _____ it. | phosphorylated molecules, energizing |
| Can be used for foods that must be packaged at high temperatures | PEN |
| Cellular enzymes carry out a reaction between a thiol and a carboxylic acid to produce a _____ | thioester |
| The citric acid cycle is an ___ _____ pathway that completely ____ the acetyl group to two ______ molecules | energy harvesting, oxidizes , CO2 |
| Condensed formula of propionic acid, and what it's found in. | CH3CH2COOH, Swiss cheese |
| Butyric acid, and what it's found in | CH3CH2CH2COOH rancid butter |
| The ____ chain carboxylic acids re generally called fatty acids. | fatty acids |
| Longer chain carboxylic acids are important components of ____ ____ and ____ | biological membranes and triglycerides |
| Common name and condensed structure of acetic acid. | Vinegar, CH3COOH |
| Simplest aromatic carboxylic acid name | benzoic acid |
| Fatty acids are _____ chain ___-acids. | long chain, monocarboxylic acids |
| Most complex carboxylic acids are also found in ____ ____ like ____ ____ | food stuffs like citric acid |
| Condensed form of formic acid and what it's found in. | HCOOH |
| Mylar is used to make | balloons, recording tape, and photographic film |
| PETE is used to make | shatter-proof plastic bottles |
| The ___ ends of soap dissolves in water, the ____ part is repelled by water. | carboxylate, hydrocarbon |
| ATP consists of ____ base and a _____ _____ of the 5-carbon sugar _____ | nitrogenous base, phosphate ester ribose |
| ____(_____)____acid gives tartness to soda and helps to prevent spoilage | Adipic (hexndioc) |
| ____acid is produced by bacteria in milk and is used as a food preservative. | Lactic |
| Soaps are made from | Water, a strong base, natural fats & oils |
| Esters are mildly ___ and smell ____. They're found in things like ____oil and ____berries. | polar, good, banana oil, raspberries |
| Large nonpolar hydrocarbon part of a molecule is ____. The highly polar carboxylate end is_____. | hyrophobic, hydrophilic |
| Particles of oil or grease by soap molecules. | micelle |
| Soaps are ___ chain carboxylic acids and are ___ salts. | long, ionic |
| Te triphosphate group attached to ribose is made up of | 3 phosphate groups bonded to one another by phosphoric anhyride bonds. |
| Condensation polymers are formed by the _____ of ____ in a reaction that forms a small molecules such as water or an alcohol. | polymerization of monomers |
| Polyesters re ___-polymeres, also known s ________ polymers. | hetero- , condensation |
| The base catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester is called | saponification |
| Fats and oils are _____ of the alcohol _____. | triesters, glycerol |
| Esters are ____ ______ derivatives formed from the rxn of a ____ with an _____. | carboxylic acid, carboxylic acids with an alcohol |
| Esters boil at the approximate same temperatures as ____ + _____ of comparable _______weight. | aldehydes and ketones, molecular |
| The reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and H2O | Esterification |
| General structure acetyl group esters | R-(carbonyl group)-OR |
| General structure diphatic carboxylic acids | R-(carbonyl group)-OH |
| General structure aromatic carboxylic acids | Ar-(Carboynyl group)-OH |
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handbanana
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