Chemistry Q3
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| How many bonds does carbon form? | four covalent bonds
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| an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen | hydrocarbon
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| the simplest hydrocarbon | methane
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| a chemical formula expressing the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance without indicating how they are linked | molecular formula
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| a chemical formula showing the spatial arrangement of the atoms and the linkage of every atom | structural formula
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| when two compounds have the same number of atoms of each element but in a different arrangement | isomerism
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| the study of carbon compounds | organic chemistry
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| organic compounds always contain _____ | carbon
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| bonds formed by sharing electrons | covalent
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| ______ have the same molecular formula but different structural formula | isomers
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| _____ contain one or more double bonds between 2 of the carbon atoms | alkenes
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| type formula for an alkene | C(n)H(2n) (n= # of carbon atoms)
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| alkene used to from polymers & plastics | ethene
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| alkene used to synthesize polypropylene | propene
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| _____ _____ have multiple (either double or triple) bonds between carbon atoms | unsaturated hydrocarbons
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| unsaturated hydrocarbons | alkenes & alkynes
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| a hydrocarbon that contains only carbon-to-carbon single bonds | saturated hydrocarbon
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| _____ _____ has as many hydrogen atoms as possible | saturated hydrocarbon
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| saturated hydrocarbons | alkanes
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| hydrocarbons in which carbons are joined by single bonds | alkanes
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| One-carbon alkane | methane
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| Two-carbon alkane | ethane
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| Three-carbon alkane | propane
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| Four-carbon alkane | butane
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| alkanes have a ____ ____ between carbon & hydrogen | fixed ratio
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| type formula for an alkane | C(n)H(2n+2) (n= # of carbon atoms)
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| unsaturated hydrocarbon containing one triple bond between two carbon atoms | alkyne
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| type formula for alkynes | C(n)H(2n-2)
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| an organic compound where the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring structure | aromatic
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| examples of aromatics | benzene, touluene & phenol
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| colorless flammable liquid used to synthesize many other chemicals | benzene
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| a solvent found in paint thinners & used to manufacture TNT | touluene
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| one or more of its 6 hydrogen atoms is replaced with other atoms or groups of atoms | touluene
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| carbolic acid | phenol
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| an aromatic alcohol with antiseptic qualities | phenol
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| a substance used in embalming as a preservative, a cauterizing agent & a bleaching agent | phenol
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| derivatives of hydrocarbon in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) | alcohols
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| R-OH, where R signifies an alkyl group attached to an -OH functional group (R is at minimum -CH3) | general formula for alcohol
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| an alcohol in which the hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a carbon that i attached to no more than one other carbon atom | primary alcohol
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| an alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon which is attached to 2 other carbons | secondary alcohol
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| an alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon which is attached to 3 other carbons | tertiary alcohol
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| an alcohol with only one hydroxyl group | monohydroxyl alcohol
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| an alcohol containing 2 hydroxyl groups | dihydroxyl alcohol
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| an alcohol containing 3 hydroxyl groups | trihydroxyl alochol
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| those alcohols having more than 3 hydroxyl groups | polyhydroxyl alcohols
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| aromatic derivative of benzene with a hydroxyl group attached to it | phenol
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| any organic chemical that contains the -SH radical | thiol/mercaptan
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| organic chemical formed when the oxygen of an alcohol is replaced by sulfur | thiol/mercaptan
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| organic chemical with a sulfhydral group as its functional group | thiol/mercaptan
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| formed when sulfuric acid is used to dehydrate an alcohol | ether
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| substance formed when sulfuric acid removes water from 2 molecules of alcohol | ether
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| general formula for ether | ROR or ROR' (R is minimum CH3)
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| naming alkanes | -ane
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| naming alkenes | -ene
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| naming alkynes | -yne
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| meth = __ | 1
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| eth = __ | 2
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| prop = __ | 3
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| but = __ | 4
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| pent = __ | 5
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| hex = __ | 6
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| hept = __ | 7
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| oct = __ | 8
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| non = __ | 9
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| dec = __ | 10
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| naming alcohols | alkane name - "e" + "ol" OR alkyl group + "alcohol"
ex: methane > methanol OR methyl alcohol
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| naming thiols/mercaptans | parent hydrocarbon + "thiol" OR alkyl group + "mercaptan"
ex. methane > methanethiol OR methyl mercaptan
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