AP Chemistry Key Terms
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| Atoms | subatomic particles that make up all objects.
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| Acid Anhydride | Compound produced by dehydration of a carbonic acid; general formula is R--C--O--C--R
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| Acids | A substance that produces H+(aq) ions in aqueous solution. Strong acids ionize completely or almost completely in dilute aqueous solution. Weak acids ionize only slightly.
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| Amino Acids | Compound containing both an amino and a carboxylic acid group.The --NH2 group.
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| Atomic Mass | Weighted average of the masses of the constituent isotopes of an element; The relative masses of atoms of different elements.
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| Chemical Equilibrium | A state of dynamic balance in which the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal; there is no net change in concentrations of reactants or products while a system is at equilibrium
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| Crystal Lattice Energy | Amount of energy that holds a crystal together; the energy change when a mole of solid is formed from its constituent molecules or ions (for ionic compounds) in their gaseous state.Crystalline Solid
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| Ketone | Compound in which a carbonyl group is bound to two alkyl or two aryl groups, or to one alkyl and one aryl group.
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| Saponification | Hydrolysis of esters in the presence of strong soluble bases.
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| Silicons | Polymeric organosilicon compounds; contain individual or cross-linked Si-O chains or rings in which some oxygens of SiO4 tetrahedra are replaced by other groups.
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| Standard Entropy | The absolute entropy of a substance in its standard state at 298 K.
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| Entropy | A thermodynamic state or property that measures the degree of disorder or randomness of a system.
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| Enthalpy | The heat content of a specific amount of substance; defined as E= PV.
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| Equivalent Weight | An oxidizing or reducing agent, who's mass gains (oxidizing agents) or loses (reducing agents) 6.022 x 1023 electrons in a redox reaction.The mass of an acid or base that furnishes or reacts with 6.022 x 1023 H3O+ or OH- ions.
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| Magnetic Quantum Number | Quantum mechanical solution to a wave equation that designates the particular orbital within a given set (s, p, d, f ) in which a electron resides.
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| Meniscus | The shape assumed by a liquid in a cylindrical container.
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| Molality | Concentration expressed as number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
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| Molarity | Number of moles of solute per litre of solution.
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| Monoprotic Acid | Acid that can form only one hydronium ion per molecule; may be strong or weak.Acid that contains one ionizable hydrogen atom per formula unit.
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| Molar Solubility | Number of moles of a solute that dissolve to produce a litre of saturated solution
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