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AP Chemistry
AP Chemistry Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atoms | subatomic particles that make up all objects. |
| Acid Anhydride | Compound produced by dehydration of a carbonic acid; general formula is R--C--O--C--R |
| Acids | A substance that produces H+(aq) ions in aqueous solution. Strong acids ionize completely or almost completely in dilute aqueous solution. Weak acids ionize only slightly. |
| Amino Acids | Compound containing both an amino and a carboxylic acid group.The --NH2 group. |
| Atomic Mass | Weighted average of the masses of the constituent isotopes of an element; The relative masses of atoms of different elements. |
| Chemical Equilibrium | A state of dynamic balance in which the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal; there is no net change in concentrations of reactants or products while a system is at equilibrium |
| Crystal Lattice Energy | Amount of energy that holds a crystal together; the energy change when a mole of solid is formed from its constituent molecules or ions (for ionic compounds) in their gaseous state.Crystalline Solid |
| Ketone | Compound in which a carbonyl group is bound to two alkyl or two aryl groups, or to one alkyl and one aryl group. |
| Saponification | Hydrolysis of esters in the presence of strong soluble bases. |
| Silicons | Polymeric organosilicon compounds; contain individual or cross-linked Si-O chains or rings in which some oxygens of SiO4 tetrahedra are replaced by other groups. |
| Standard Entropy | The absolute entropy of a substance in its standard state at 298 K. |
| Entropy | A thermodynamic state or property that measures the degree of disorder or randomness of a system. |
| Enthalpy | The heat content of a specific amount of substance; defined as E= PV. |
| Equivalent Weight | An oxidizing or reducing agent, who's mass gains (oxidizing agents) or loses (reducing agents) 6.022 x 1023 electrons in a redox reaction.The mass of an acid or base that furnishes or reacts with 6.022 x 1023 H3O+ or OH- ions. |
| Magnetic Quantum Number | Quantum mechanical solution to a wave equation that designates the particular orbital within a given set (s, p, d, f ) in which a electron resides. |
| Meniscus | The shape assumed by a liquid in a cylindrical container. |
| Molality | Concentration expressed as number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. |
| Molarity | Number of moles of solute per litre of solution. |
| Monoprotic Acid | Acid that can form only one hydronium ion per molecule; may be strong or weak.Acid that contains one ionizable hydrogen atom per formula unit. |
| Molar Solubility | Number of moles of a solute that dissolve to produce a litre of saturated solution |
Created by:
tbellwood16
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