Psyc 101 Chapter 5 Vocab
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| sensations | The elementary components, or building block, of an experience (such as a pattern of light and dark, a bitter taste, or a change in temperature).
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| perception | The collection of processes used to arrive at a meaningful interpretation of sensations
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| light | The small part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is processed by the visual system
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| hue | The dimension of light that produces color; its typically determined by the wavelength of light reflecting from an object
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| brigthness | The aspect of the visual experience that changes with light intensity; in general, as it increases, so does its perceived brightness
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| transduction | The process by which external messages are translated into the internal language of the brain.
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| cornea | The transparent and protective outer covering of the eye
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| lens | The flexible piece of tissue that helps focus light toward the back of the eye
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| pupil | The hole in the center of the eye that allows light to enter
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| iris | The ring of colored tissue surrounding the pupil
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| accomodation | In vision, the process through which the lens changes its shape temporarily to help focus light on the retina
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| retina | The thin layer of tissue that covers the back of the eye and contains the light-sensitive receptor cells for vision
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| rods | Receptor cells in the retina, located mainly around the sides, that transduce light energy into neural messages; highly sensitive and are active in dim light
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| cones | Receptor cells in the central portion of the retina that transduce light energy into neural messages; they operate best when light levels are high, and they are primarily responsible for the ability to sense color
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| fovea | The "central pit" area in the retina where the cones receptors are located.
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| visual activity | The ability to process fine detail in vision
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| receptive field | In vision, the portion of the retina that, when stimulated, causes the activity of higher order neurons to change
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| blind spot | The point where the optic nerve leaves the back of the eye
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| dark adaptation | The process through which the eyes adjust to dim light
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| feature detectors | Cells in the visual cortex that respond to very specific visual events, such as bars of light at particular orientations
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| trichromatic theory | A theory of color vision proposing that color information is extracted by comparing the relative activations of three different types of cone receptors
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| opponent-process theory | A theory of color vision proposing that cells in the visual pathway increase their activation levels to one color and decrease their activating levels to another color--for example, increasing to red and decreasing to green
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