Film terms
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| Establishing shot | To show where the action is taking place
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| Long shot | A shot in which figures appear small in landscape. Often used at the beginning of a film or sequence as an "establishing shot'; also used to make a figure appear small or isolated
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| Medium shot | Shows the figure from approximately the waist to head. In a mid shot, you can easily recognize an individual but you can also see what they are doing with their hands.
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| Close-up | Head and shoulders, enabling you to easily see facial expressions, so you can see what characters are thinking and feeling.
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| High-angle | The camera looks down, making the subject look vulnerable or insignificant
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| Low-angle | The camera points upwards, usually making the subject or setting seem grand or threatening
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| Eye-line match | A point of view shot wherein the camera seems to look out of a character's eyes and see what her or she
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| Cut | One image is suddenly replaced by another, without a visible transition
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| Fade | An image fades completely out to white or black and is then replaced by another image. Usually signals the passing of time.
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| Dissolve | One image dissolves into another. This can be used to make a montage sentence-eg the title sequence-flow smoothly; it can also be used in continuity editing to show that we have moved forwards in time and or space.
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| High-key | The lighting is bright and relatively low in contrast often used for Hollywood musical comedies
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| Low-key | Much more pronounced shadows and dramatic contrast
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| Side lighting | Lighting from one side of the subject. Places one part in light, the other in shadow.
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| Backlighting | Produces a 'halo' effect around the edges of the subject
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| Lighting from below | This can be used to make a subject appear threatening or horrific.
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| Diegetic | Sound that we think is part of what's going on on the screen horse's hooves, the sound of thunder, and so on even though many of these will have been added later by a 'Foley artist'.
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| Non-Diegetic | Sounds that we know is not part of what's onscreen, such as music (unless there is an orchestra in the shot) and voiceover.
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