Intro to Chem, Scientific Method, Matter, Lab Safety/Equipment
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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| study of matter: its composition, structure, & changes | chemistry
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| branch of chemistry that studies the composition (make up) of matter | analytical chemistry
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| branch of chemistry that studies noncarbon compounds (this course) | inorganic chemistry
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| branch of chemistry that studies carbon-based compounds | organic chemistry
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| branch of chemistry that studies chemical processes in living things | biochemistry
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| branch of chemistry that studies the mechanisms of chemical change and energy changes that are involved (i.e. WHY does this react?) | physical chemistry
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| studying chemistry to obtain knowledge for its own sake (purely academic) | pure chemistry
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| using chemical knowledge for practical applications (ex: improving materials and cheical processes) | applied chemistry
(chemical technology)
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| a fact collected through senses (including measurements with tools) | observation
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| a judgement based on experience | inference
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| term referring to adjectives related to the sense of smell | olfactory
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| term referring to adjectives related to the sense of taste | gustatory
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| a scientific question to be considered, solved, or answered | (scientific) problem
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| work backwards, eliminate possibilities, guess & check, look for a pattern, bring into simpler parts, construct a model, use an equation, plot a graph | problem-solving strategies
(know example of when you might use each?
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| structured problem solving process in science | scientific method
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| possible solution to a scientific problem | hypothesis
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| procedure designed to collect specific data about a scientific problem | experiment
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| looking for meaning information or patterns in the data collected from an experiment | analyzing
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| evaluating results of an experiment and making a final decision about whether or not the hypothesis was correct based on the data | conclusion
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| describes a broad, often mathematical, pattern in nature - what happens | scientific law
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| broad explanation for related scientific phenomena/laws - why it happens | theory
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| 'country skunk' mnemonic for remembering a list of components of the scientific method | P.O.L.E.C.(H.)A.T.
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| an experiment in which only one quantity is adjusted by the experimenter | controlled experiment
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| the quantity adjusted by the experimenter in a controlled experiment | manipulated variable
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| the quantity observed/measured during a controlled experiment to see if change occurs | responding variable
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| any quantity in a controlled experiment the is kept the same for all samples | constant
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| untreated sample in a controlled experiment used for comparison | control
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| Pick 1 and explain: What is the classroom procedure for a fire drill? tornado drill? code blue? know where the first aid kit is? know what to do if teacher is injured? | left & out!
right and kneel!
under the desk (or in back room).
cabinet behind door.
contact teacher across hall.
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| Safety Rule #1: MOST IMPORTANT - to protect your eyes from chemicals, heated materials, or things that might shatter you should always... | wear goggles in those labs
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| if you have worked with any hazardous chemicals or possible unclean glassware/equipment, what safety precaution should you take at the end of lab? | wash your hands
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| Pick 1: Explain how to use these classroom safety features: goggles cabinet? eyewash? safety shower? fire extinguisher? fume hood? 'fire' blanket? | UV & alcohol.
flush 15, eyes open, contacts out.
drench & disrobe.
P.A.S.S.: pull, aim, squeeze, sweep.
start, begin activity, lower window.
wrap & roll.
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| Pick 1: How do you dispose of broken glassware? solid & liquid waste? test for odors? personally prepare to light burner? heat liquid in a test tube? fold filter paper? | sweep up & put in box.
place in containers in back.
waft... tricky if stoppered bottle.
tie up hair, roll loose sleeves, no dangling :)
aim away & heat top (with in/out motion?).
half, quarter, 3 folds to 1 side and open.
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| Identifying pictures of lab equipment examined in class/lab so far - which looks most like the letter "U" | test tube (or maybe beaker)
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| What does 'MSDS' stands for (and can you answer questions about a specific example) | Material Safety Data Sheet
(Sure. I can read. Duh!)
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| anything that has mass and takes up space | matter
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| the amount (quantity) of matter | mass
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| the space matter occupies | volume
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| matter that has definite shape and volume, closely spaced particles, and is incompressible | solid
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| matter that has definite volume, variable shape, closely spaced particles, and is fairly incompressible | liquid
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| matter that has no definite shape or volume, widely spaced particles, and is easily compressed | gas
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| an electrically conductive (often high energy) gas such as that in fluorescent lights or the sun | plasma
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| explains many behaviors of matter based on assumptions that it is made of tiny particles in constant motion affected by temperature | kinetic theory
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| change of a solid into a liquid | melting
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| change of a liquid into a solid | solidification (freezing)
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| change of a liquid into a gas | boiling (vaporization)
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| change of a gas into a liquid | condensation
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| change of a solid directly into a gas | sublimation
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| change of a gas directly into a solid | deposition
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| phase (state) change temperatures (MP, BP) for water on the Celsius scale | MP/FP: 0
BP/CP: 100
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| gray nonmetal element which sublimes to form a violet gas (as seen on video in class) | iodine
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| any form of matter that has a uniform, set composition | substance
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| substance made of only 1 kind of atom | element
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| shorthand representation of chemical elements | chemical symbol
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| If you remember all the symbols you were quizzed on - what are the symbols for lead, potassium, and sodium? | Pb, K, Na
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| substance formed by 2 (or more) kinds of atoms joined in a set ratio | compound
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| shorthand representation of a chemical compound | chemical formula
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| numbers following and below symbols in the formula of a compound | subscripts
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| any form of matter that can have a variable composition (ratio of ingredients) | mixture
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| describes a mixture that is evenly distributed | homogeneous
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| synonym for 'homogeneous mixture' | solution
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| solid solution of 2 (or more) metals - ex: brass | alloy
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| describes a mixture that is unevenly distributed | heterogeneous
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| heterogeneous mixture that is a 'chunky' solid - pieces are easily distinguished - ex: granite | conglomerate
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| heterogeneous mixture that 'settles' out over time - usually a solid in a liquid | suspension
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| heterogenous mixture that exhibits the 'Tyndall effect' (scatters light) and does not settle out - ex: milk (an emulsion) | colloid
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| Remember classifying actual samples of matter in class - How would you classify the "Particle Model" sketches containing •º8•º8? | mixture of elements (8 = diatomic element)
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| any characteristic (trait) of matter | property
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| describes a property that can be observed/measured without changing the composition of a substance | physical
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| describes a property that is observed/measured during a reaction that changes the composition of the substance | chemical
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| From the checklist of physical (P) and chemical (C) properties - classify: boiling point, solubility, corrosive, and flammable | physical property, physical property, chemical property, chemical property
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| describes any change in a substance that does not alter its composition (ex: any change of state) | physical
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| describes any change in a substance that does alter its composition, making a new substance with new properties | chemical
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| Class of matter can be separated by using differences in the physical properties of the components | mixtures
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| separation technique used to separate a mixture based on differences in solubility and attraction to a surface | chromatography
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| separation technique used to separate a mixture of liquids based on differences in boiling points | distillation
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| Statement: During all physical and chemical changes, mass remains constant (Lavoisier); OR, mass of reactants = mass of products | Law of Conservation of Matter (or Mass)
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| a very specific chemical change in matter, written in the form: reactants --> products | chemical reaction
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| This form of matter can only be separated by using a chemical change | compounds
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| What is the mnemonic for the 5 evidences of chemical change and what each letter stands for? | E.C.P.I.G.
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| chemical change that uses an electric current to separate a compound | electrolysis
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| chemical change that uses heat to separate/break down a compound | thermal decomposition
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| Pick 1: How do you can distinguish a compound from a mixture based on their: 1)composition 2)properties 3)formation/separation means? | 1 )M: varies; C: set ratio
2)M: keep old; C: new set
3)M: physical blend; C: chemical change
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| (mostly) glassware lab equipment to know: | beaker, evaporating dish, Erlenmeyer flask vs. Florence flask, graduated cylinder, mortar and pestle, test tube, watch glass
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| (mostly) metal lab equipment to know: | forceps (tweezers), pipette, ring clamp, test tube holder, test tube rack, crucible tongs vs beaker tongs, utility clamp
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Created by:
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