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Chem 00-02 Terms
Intro to Chem, Scientific Method, Matter, Lab Safety/Equipment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| study of matter: its composition, structure, & changes | chemistry |
| branch of chemistry that studies the composition (make up) of matter | analytical chemistry |
| branch of chemistry that studies noncarbon compounds (this course) | inorganic chemistry |
| branch of chemistry that studies carbon-based compounds | organic chemistry |
| branch of chemistry that studies chemical processes in living things | biochemistry |
| branch of chemistry that studies the mechanisms of chemical change and energy changes that are involved (i.e. WHY does this react?) | physical chemistry |
| studying chemistry to obtain knowledge for its own sake (purely academic) | pure chemistry |
| using chemical knowledge for practical applications (ex: improving materials and cheical processes) | applied chemistry (chemical technology) |
| a fact collected through senses (including measurements with tools) | observation |
| a judgement based on experience | inference |
| term referring to adjectives related to the sense of smell | olfactory |
| term referring to adjectives related to the sense of taste | gustatory |
| a scientific question to be considered, solved, or answered | (scientific) problem |
| work backwards, eliminate possibilities, guess & check, look for a pattern, bring into simpler parts, construct a model, use an equation, plot a graph | problem-solving strategies (know example of when you might use each? |
| structured problem solving process in science | scientific method |
| possible solution to a scientific problem | hypothesis |
| procedure designed to collect specific data about a scientific problem | experiment |
| looking for meaning information or patterns in the data collected from an experiment | analyzing |
| evaluating results of an experiment and making a final decision about whether or not the hypothesis was correct based on the data | conclusion |
| describes a broad, often mathematical, pattern in nature - what happens | scientific law |
| broad explanation for related scientific phenomena/laws - why it happens | theory |
| 'country skunk' mnemonic for remembering a list of components of the scientific method | P.O.L.E.C.(H.)A.T. |
| an experiment in which only one quantity is adjusted by the experimenter | controlled experiment |
| the quantity adjusted by the experimenter in a controlled experiment | manipulated variable |
| the quantity observed/measured during a controlled experiment to see if change occurs | responding variable |
| any quantity in a controlled experiment the is kept the same for all samples | constant |
| untreated sample in a controlled experiment used for comparison | control |
| Pick 1 and explain: What is the classroom procedure for a fire drill? tornado drill? code blue? know where the first aid kit is? know what to do if teacher is injured? | left & out! right and kneel! under the desk (or in back room). cabinet behind door. contact teacher across hall. |
| Safety Rule #1: MOST IMPORTANT - to protect your eyes from chemicals, heated materials, or things that might shatter you should always... | wear goggles in those labs |
| if you have worked with any hazardous chemicals or possible unclean glassware/equipment, what safety precaution should you take at the end of lab? | wash your hands |
| Pick 1: Explain how to use these classroom safety features: goggles cabinet? eyewash? safety shower? fire extinguisher? fume hood? 'fire' blanket? | UV & alcohol. flush 15, eyes open, contacts out. drench & disrobe. P.A.S.S.: pull, aim, squeeze, sweep. start, begin activity, lower window. wrap & roll. |
| Pick 1: How do you dispose of broken glassware? solid & liquid waste? test for odors? personally prepare to light burner? heat liquid in a test tube? fold filter paper? | sweep up & put in box. place in containers in back. waft... tricky if stoppered bottle. tie up hair, roll loose sleeves, no dangling :) aim away & heat top (with in/out motion?). half, quarter, 3 folds to 1 side and open. |
| Identifying pictures of lab equipment examined in class/lab so far - which looks most like the letter "U" | test tube (or maybe beaker) |
| What does 'MSDS' stands for (and can you answer questions about a specific example) | Material Safety Data Sheet (Sure. I can read. Duh!) |
| anything that has mass and takes up space | matter |
| the amount (quantity) of matter | mass |
| the space matter occupies | volume |
| matter that has definite shape and volume, closely spaced particles, and is incompressible | solid |
| matter that has definite volume, variable shape, closely spaced particles, and is fairly incompressible | liquid |
| matter that has no definite shape or volume, widely spaced particles, and is easily compressed | gas |
| an electrically conductive (often high energy) gas such as that in fluorescent lights or the sun | plasma |
| explains many behaviors of matter based on assumptions that it is made of tiny particles in constant motion affected by temperature | kinetic theory |
| change of a solid into a liquid | melting |
| change of a liquid into a solid | solidification (freezing) |
| change of a liquid into a gas | boiling (vaporization) |
| change of a gas into a liquid | condensation |
| change of a solid directly into a gas | sublimation |
| change of a gas directly into a solid | deposition |
| phase (state) change temperatures (MP, BP) for water on the Celsius scale | MP/FP: 0 BP/CP: 100 |
| gray nonmetal element which sublimes to form a violet gas (as seen on video in class) | iodine |
| any form of matter that has a uniform, set composition | substance |
| substance made of only 1 kind of atom | element |
| shorthand representation of chemical elements | chemical symbol |
| If you remember all the symbols you were quizzed on - what are the symbols for lead, potassium, and sodium? | Pb, K, Na |
| substance formed by 2 (or more) kinds of atoms joined in a set ratio | compound |
| shorthand representation of a chemical compound | chemical formula |
| numbers following and below symbols in the formula of a compound | subscripts |
| any form of matter that can have a variable composition (ratio of ingredients) | mixture |
| describes a mixture that is evenly distributed | homogeneous |
| synonym for 'homogeneous mixture' | solution |
| solid solution of 2 (or more) metals - ex: brass | alloy |
| describes a mixture that is unevenly distributed | heterogeneous |
| heterogeneous mixture that is a 'chunky' solid - pieces are easily distinguished - ex: granite | conglomerate |
| heterogeneous mixture that 'settles' out over time - usually a solid in a liquid | suspension |
| heterogenous mixture that exhibits the 'Tyndall effect' (scatters light) and does not settle out - ex: milk (an emulsion) | colloid |
| Remember classifying actual samples of matter in class - How would you classify the "Particle Model" sketches containing •º8•º8? | mixture of elements (8 = diatomic element) |
| any characteristic (trait) of matter | property |
| describes a property that can be observed/measured without changing the composition of a substance | physical |
| describes a property that is observed/measured during a reaction that changes the composition of the substance | chemical |
| From the checklist of physical (P) and chemical (C) properties - classify: boiling point, solubility, corrosive, and flammable | physical property, physical property, chemical property, chemical property |
| describes any change in a substance that does not alter its composition (ex: any change of state) | physical |
| describes any change in a substance that does alter its composition, making a new substance with new properties | chemical |
| Class of matter can be separated by using differences in the physical properties of the components | mixtures |
| separation technique used to separate a mixture based on differences in solubility and attraction to a surface | chromatography |
| separation technique used to separate a mixture of liquids based on differences in boiling points | distillation |
| Statement: During all physical and chemical changes, mass remains constant (Lavoisier); OR, mass of reactants = mass of products | Law of Conservation of Matter (or Mass) |
| a very specific chemical change in matter, written in the form: reactants --> products | chemical reaction |
| This form of matter can only be separated by using a chemical change | compounds |
| What is the mnemonic for the 5 evidences of chemical change and what each letter stands for? | E.C.P.I.G. |
| chemical change that uses an electric current to separate a compound | electrolysis |
| chemical change that uses heat to separate/break down a compound | thermal decomposition |
| Pick 1: How do you can distinguish a compound from a mixture based on their: 1)composition 2)properties 3)formation/separation means? | 1 )M: varies; C: set ratio 2)M: keep old; C: new set 3)M: physical blend; C: chemical change |
| (mostly) glassware lab equipment to know: | beaker, evaporating dish, Erlenmeyer flask vs. Florence flask, graduated cylinder, mortar and pestle, test tube, watch glass |
| (mostly) metal lab equipment to know: | forceps (tweezers), pipette, ring clamp, test tube holder, test tube rack, crucible tongs vs beaker tongs, utility clamp |
Created by:
goakley
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